Clinical and Molecular Hepatology

"Chang Wook Kim"

Original Articles

Switching to besifovir in patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate: A randomized trial: Hyung Joon Yim, Yeon Seok Seo, Ji Hoon Kim, Won Kim, Young Kul Jung, Jae Young Jang, Sae Hwan Lee, Yun Soo Kim, Chang Wook Kim, Hyoung Su Kim, Jae-Jun Shim, Eun-Young Cho, In Hee Kim, Byung Seok Lee, Jeong-Hoon Lee, Byung Seok Kim, Jeong Won Jang, Hyun Woong Lee, Jung Hyun Kwon, Moon Young Kim, Do Seon Song, Jung Gil Park, Yoon Seok Lee, Eileen L. Yoon, Han Ah Lee, Seong Hee Kang, Jin Mo Yang; Clin Mol Hepatol 2025;31(3):810-822.
Published online January 17, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2024.0819

Background/Aims
Besifovir (BSV) showed comparable antiviral activity and superior safety profiles to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, no data are available regarding the antiviral efficacy and safety of BSV in patients with CHB who switched from long-term TDF to BSV. This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of a 48-week BSV therapy in patients with CHB who switched from long-term TDF treatment.
Methods
In this non-inferiority trial, 153 CHB patients treated with TDF for ≥48 weeks who had hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA <20 IU/mL were randomized to receive either BSV 150 mg or TDF 300 mg for 48 weeks.
Results
The per-protocol analysis included 130 patients (BSV group, 64; TDF group, 66). The median duration of TDF use before enrollment was 4.14 years. After 48 weeks, 100.0% and 98.5% patients in the BSV and TDF groups, respectively, met the primary endpoint (HBV DNA <20 IU/mL), demonstrating the non-inferior antiviral efficacy of BSV to TDF (95% confidence interval –0.01 to 0.04; P>0.999), with a predefined margin of –0.18. The mean percentage changes in estimated glomerular filtration rates were slightly better in the BSV group (1.67±11.73%) than in the TDF group (–1.24±11.02%). The BSV group showed a significant improvement in bone turnover biomarkers compared to the TDF group; accordingly, hip and spine bone mineral density increased in the BSV group.
Conclusions
In patients with CHB receiving long-term TDF, switching to BSV may improve renal and bone safety with non-inferior antiviral efficacy compared to that of maintaining TDF.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Correspondence to editorial on “Switching to besifovir in patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate: A randomized trial”
Hyung Joon Yim, Seong Hee Kang, Young Kul Jung, Jin Mo Yang
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2026; 32(1): e55. CrossRef
Besifovir: a viable option for long-term disease control in chronic hepatitis B: Editorial on “Switching to besifovir in patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate: A randomized trial”
Wai-Kay Seto
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2026; 32(1): 374. CrossRef
Tenofovir amibufenamide in chronic hepatitis B: Lipid changes and 144-week safety with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-to-tenofovir amibufenamide switch
Zhi-Hao Zeng, Jin-Qing Liu, Min Zhang, Cai-Liang Qiu, Zhen-Yu Xu
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Acute liver injury and Acute liver failure

Acute-on-chronic liver failure as a major predictive factor for mortality in patients with variceal bleeding: Jongbeom Shin, Jung Hwan Yu, Young-Joo Jin, Hyung Joon Yim, Young Kul Jung, Jin Mo Yang, Do Seon Song, Young Seok Kim, Sang Gyune Kim, Dong Joon Kim, Ki Tae Suk, Eileen L. Yoon, Sang Soo Lee, Chang Wook Kim, Hee Yeon Kim, Jae Young Jang, Soung Won Jeong, on Behalf of the Korean Acute-onChronic Liver Failure (KACLiF) Study Group; Clin Mol Hepatol 2020;26(4):540-553.
Published online September 17, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2020.0034

Background/Aims
This study examined the risk factors associated with mortality in cirrhotic patients hospitalized with variceal bleeding, and evaluated the effects of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) on the prognosis of these patients.
Methods
This study was retrospectively conducted on patients registered in the Korean acute-on-chronic liver failure study cohort, and on 474 consecutive cirrhotic patients hospitalized with variceal bleeding from January 2013 to December 2013 at 21 university hospitals. ACLF was defined as described by the European Association for the Study of Liver-Chronic Liver Failure Consortium.
Results
Among a total of 474 patients, 61 patients were diagnosed with ACLF. The cumulative overall survival (OS) rate was lower in the patients with ACLF than in those without (P<0.001), and patients with higher ACLF grades had a lower OS rate (P<0.001). The chronic liver failure-sequential organ failure assessment (CLIF-SOFA) score was identified as a significant prognostic factor in patients hospitalized with variceal bleeding (hazard ratio [HR], 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30–1.50; P<0.001), even in ACLF patients with variceal bleeding (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.19–1.46, P<0.001). Concerning the prediction of the mortality risk at 28- and 90-day using CLIF-SOFA scores, c-statistics were 0.895 (95% CI, 0.829–0.962) and 0.897 (95% CI, 0.842–0.951), respectively, and the optimal cut-off values were 6.5 and 6.5, respectively.
Conclusions
In cirrhotic patients hospitalized with variceal bleeding, the prognosis was poor when accompanied by ACLF, especially depending upon CLIF-SOFA score. CLIF-SOFA model well predicted the 28-day or 90-day mortality for cirrhotic patients who experienced variceal bleeding.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on CLIF-C ACLF Score in Predicting Short-term Mortality in Patients with Acute on Chronic Liver Failure
Sugan Panneerselvam, Jayakrishna Pamarthi, Joy Varghese, Rajesh Nanda, Janardanan S. Kumar, Madhumitha Haridoss
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology.2026; 16(1): 103193. CrossRef
A Prognostic Model Based on Immune–Inflammatory–Nutritional Indicators for 28-Day Mortality in Sepsis Patients with Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure
Qi Xin
Journal of Inflammation Research.2026; Volume 19: 1. CrossRef
Endoscopic Treatment for Esophagogastric Variceal Bleeding in Patients With Acute‐on‐Chronic Liver Failure: An Observational Study
Yanan Sun, Peng Li, Shibin Zhang, Yuening Zhang, Chunlei Fan, Ajuan Zeng, Yanna Liu, Huiguo Ding
Portal Hypertension & Cirrhosis.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Predicting the gastrointestinal bleeding of HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure based on machine learning
Jiwei Fu, Ahao Wu, Ziwei Zhou, Ting Deng, Pei Shi, Wentao Zhu, Mengyu Tao, Yuyu Zeng, Yuchen Peng, Yuna Wang, Xiaoping Wu
Frontiers in Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
New prognostic model for hospitalized patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and Maddrey’s discriminant function <32
Tae Hyung Kim, Hyung Joon Yim, Young Kul Jung, Do Seon Song, Eileen L. Yoon, Hee Yeon Kim, Seong Hee Kang, Young Chang, Jeong-Ju Yoo, Baek Gyu Jun, Sung Won Lee, Jung Gil Park, Ji Won Park, Sung-Eun Kim, Tae Yeob Kim, Soung Won Jeong, Ki Tae Suk, Moon You
Hepatology International.2024; 18(2): 500. CrossRef
Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Causes, Clinical Parameters, and Predictors of Mortality
Fatima Hafsa, Zao Iman Chaudary, Owais Tariq, Zainab Riaz, Aamir Shehzad, Muhammad Irfan Jamil, Iqra Naeem
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Non-invasive predictors of the first episode of bleeding from esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis awaiting transplantation
V. L. Korobka, Yu. V. Khoronko, V. D. Pasechnikov, R. V. Korobka, M. V. Malevanny, E. S. Pak, D. V. Pasechnikov
Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation.2024; 16(4): 507. CrossRef
Hemorragia de vías digestivas altas analizadas en pacientes con cirrosis hepática alcohólica en Boyacá (Colombia)
Alexander German Ponce-Esparza, Fabián Andrés Sánchez-Castillo, Mariana Rada-Rada, Juliana Noguera-Fonseca, Laura Daniela Pinzón-Rodríguez, Tania Julieth Ávila-Espitia
Revista Investigación en Salud Universidad de Boyacá.2024; 11(1): 45. CrossRef
Risk stratification based on acute-on-chronic liver failure in cirrhotic patients hospitalized for acute variceal bleeding
Zongyi Zhu, Huiqing Jiang
BMC Gastroenterology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
External validation of Chronic Liver Failure-Consortium Acute Decompensation score in the risk stratification of cirrhotic patients hospitalized with acute variceal bleeding
Zongyi Zhu, Huiqing Jiang
European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2023; 35(3): 302. CrossRef
Development and validation of a practical prognostic nomogram for evaluating inpatient mortality of cirrhotic patients with acute variceal hemorrhage
Jie Chen, Sha Luo, Feng Tang, Ming Han, Jie Zheng, Mingming Deng, Gang Luo
Annals of Hepatology.2023; 28(3): 101086. CrossRef
Diagnosis and Management of Esophagogastric Varices
Socrate Pallio, Giuseppinella Melita, Endrit Shahini, Alessandro Vitello, Emanuele Sinagra, Barbara Lattanzi, Antonio Facciorusso, Daryl Ramai, Marcello Maida
Diagnostics.2023; 13(6): 1031. CrossRef
Acute-on-chronic liver failure is independently associated with higher mortality for cirrhotic patients with acute esophageal variceal hemorrhage: Retrospective cohort study
Alana Zulian Terres, Rafael Sartori Balbinot, Ana Laura Facco Muscope, Morgana Luisa Longen, Bruna Schena, Bruna Teston Cini, Gilberto Luis Rost Jr, Juline Isabel Leichtweis Balensiefer, Louise Zanotto Eberhardt, Raul Angelo Balbinot, Silvana Sartori Balb
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2023; 11(17): 4003. CrossRef
Challenges in Diagnosis and Therapeutic Approach of Acute on Chronic Liver Failure—A Review of Current Evidence
Cristina Maria Marginean, Denisa Pirscoveanu, Mihaela Popescu, Corina Maria Vasile, Anca Oana Docea, Radu Mitruț, Iulia Cristina Mărginean, George Alexandru Iacob, Dan Mihai Firu, Paul Mitruț
Biomedicines.2023; 11(7): 1840. CrossRef
To TIPS or Not to TIPS in High Risk of Variceal Rebleeding and Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure
Wenyi Gu, Markus Kimmann, Wim Laleman, Michael Praktiknjo, Jonel Trebicka
Seminars in Liver Disease.2023; 43(02): 189. CrossRef
Validation of PH and Varices Risk Scores for Prediction of High-Risk Esophageal Varix and Bleeding in Patients with B-Viral Cirrhosis
Seunghwan Shin, Seung Up Kim, Jun Yong Park, Do Young Kim, Sang Hoon Ahn, Beom Kyung Kim
Diagnostics.2022; 12(2): 441. CrossRef
Impact of colonization with multidrug-resistant organisms on antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with cirrhosis and variceal bleeding
Victoria T. Mücke, Kai-Henrik- Peiffer, Johanna Kessel, Katharina M. Schwarzkopf, Jörg Bojunga, Stefan Zeuzem, Fabian Finkelmeier, Marcus M. Mücke, Pavel Strnad
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(5): e0268638. CrossRef
Reappraisal of sepsis-3 and CLIF-SOFA as predictors of mortality in patients with cirrhosis and infection presenting to the emergency department: A multicenter study
Ji Hyun Kim, Baek Gyu Jun, Minjong Lee, Hye Ah Lee, Tae Suk Kim, Jeong Won Heo, Da Hye Moon, Seong Hee Kang, Ki Tae Suk, Moon Young Kim, Young Don Kim, Gab Jin Cheon, Soon Koo Baik, Dong Joon Kim, Dae Hee Choi
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2022; 28(3): 540. CrossRef
Simultaneous splenectomy improving the outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis and portal hypertension treated with hepatectomy
Fuchen Liu, Xinggang Guo, Wenli Zhang, Minghao Zou, Jian Huang, Wei Dong, Jinmin Zhang, Xiuli Zhu, Zeya Pan, Wan Yee Lau, Weiping Zhou, Hui Liu
Portal Hypertension & Cirrhosis.2022; 1(2): 90. CrossRef
Clinical Features of Hepatitis C Virus-related Acute-on-chronic Liver Failure in a Korean Population
Jung Woo Choi, Ji Yoon Kwak, Sang Soo Lee, Hyun-gyu Kim, Ho Jin Son, Hankyu Jeon, Hee Jin Kim, Ra Ri Cha, Jae Min Lee, Hyun Jin Kim
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2022; 80(4): 169. CrossRef
Validation of prognostic scores predicting mortality in acute liver decompensation or acute-on-chronic liver failure: A Thailand multicenter study
Tongluk Teerasarntipan, Kessarin Thanapirom, Sakkarin Chirapongsathorn, Tanita Suttichaimongkol, Naichaya Chamroonkul, Chalermrat Bunchorntavakul, Sith Siramolpiwat, Siwaporn Chainuvati, Abhasnee Sobhonslidsuk, Apinya Leerapun, Teerha Piratvisuth, Wattana
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(11): e0277959. CrossRef
New Evidence of Oral Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation on the Prognosis of Patients With Advanced Liver Disease
Hankil Lee, Jeong-Ju Yoo, Sang Hoon Ahn, Beom Kyung Kim
Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology.2022; 13(12): e00542. CrossRef
CLIF-SOFA and CLIF-C scores for the prognostication of acute-on-chronic liver failure and acute decompensation of cirrhosis: A systematic review
Ebrahim Rashed, Jonathan Soldera
World Journal of Hepatology.2022; 14(12): 2025. CrossRef
Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure due to infarction of multiple cirrhotic nodules
Ji Won Han, Jong Young Choi, Pil Soo Sung
Liver International.2021; 41(8): 1954. CrossRef
Treatment efficacy by hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy vs. sorafenib after liver-directed concurrent chemoradiotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Sojung Han, Hye Jin Choi, Seung-Hoon Beom, Hye Rim Kim, Hyein Lee, Jae Seung Lee, Hye Won Lee, Jun Yong Park, Seung Up Kim, Do Young Kim, Sang Hoon Ahn, Kwang-Hyub Han, Jinsil Seong, Jong Yun Won, Beom Kyung Kim
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.2021; 147(10): 3123. CrossRef
External validation of CAGE‐B and SAGE‐B scores for Asian chronic hepatitis B patients with well‐controlled viremia by antivirals
Jung Hyun Ji, Soo Young Park, Won Jeong Son, Hye Jung Shin, Hyein Lee, Hye Won Lee, Jae Seung Lee, Seung Up Kim, Jun Yong Park, Do Young Kim, Sang Hoon Ahn, Beom Kyung Kim
Journal of Viral Hepatitis.2021; 28(6): 951. CrossRef
β-blockers in advanced cirrhosis: More friend than enemy
Ki Tae Yoon, Hongqun Liu, Samuel S. Lee
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2021; 27(3): 425. CrossRef
Effect of tenofovir alafenamide vs. tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on hepatocellular carcinoma risk in chronic hepatitis B
Hye Won Lee, Young Youn Cho, Hyein Lee, Jae Seung Lee, Seung Up Kim, Jun Yong Park, Do Young Kim, Sang Hoon Ahn, Beom Kyung Kim, Soo Young Park
Journal of Viral Hepatitis.2021; 28(11): 1570. CrossRef
Acute-on-chronic liver failure: A predictor of poor prognosis in patients with variceal bleeding or a risk factor for variceal bleeding?
Nae-Yun Heo
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2020; 26(4): 487. CrossRef

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Viral hepatitis

Entecavir+tenofovir vs. lamivudine/telbivudine+adefovir in chronic hepatitis B patients with prior suboptimal response: Hyun Young Woo, Jun Yong Park, Si Hyun Bae, Chang Wook Kim, Jae Young Jang, Won Young Tak, Dong Joon Kim, In Hee Kim, Jeong Heo, Sang Hoon Ahn; Clin Mol Hepatol 2020;26(3):352-363.
Published online May 28, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2019.0044n

Abstract
PDF

Background/Aims
Suboptimal responses to lamivudine or telbivudine plus adefovir (LAM/LdT+ADV) rescue therapy are common in patients with LAM-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. We compared patients switched to entecavir plus tenofovir (ETV+TDF) to those maintained on LAM/LdT+ADV.
Methods
This prospective randomized controlled trial examined 91 patients whose serum HBV DNA levels were greater than 60 IU/mL after at least 24 weeks of treatment with LAM/LdT+ADV for LAM-resistant HBV. Patients were randomized to receive a new treatment (ETV+TDF, n=45) or maintained on the same treatment (LAM/LdT+ADV, n=46) for 48 weeks. Patients with baseline ADV resistance were excluded.
Results
Compared to LAM/LdT+ADV group, ETV+TDF group had more patients with a virologic response (42/45 [93.33%] vs. 3/46 [6.52%], P<0.001) and had a greater mean reduction in serum HBV DNA level from baseline (-4.16 vs. -0.37 log10 IU/mL, P<0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that high baseline HBV DNA level (P=0.005) and LAM/LdT+ADV maintenance therapy (P=0.001) were negatively associated with virologic response. At week 48, additional ADV- or ETV-associated mutations were cleared in ETV+TDF group, but such mutations were present in 4.3% of patients in LAM/LdT+ADV group (P=0.106). The two groups had similar rates of adverse events.
Conclusions
ETV+TDF combination treatment led to a significantly higher rate of virologic response compared to LAM/LdT+ADV combination treatment in patients with LAM-resistant HBV who had suboptimal responses to LAM/LdT+ADV regardless of HBV genotypic resistance profile (NCT01597934).

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Research Status of Antiviral Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis B
漫赵
Advances in Clinical Medicine.2025; 15(04): 1194. CrossRef
Viral oncogenesis in cancer: from mechanisms to therapeutics
Qing Xiao, Yi Liu, Tingting Li, Chaoyu Wang, Sanxiu He, Liuyue Zhai, Zailin Yang, Xiaomei Zhang, Yongzhong Wu, Yao Liu
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
High Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Drug Resistance Mutations to Lamivudine among People with HIV/HBV Coinfection in Rural and Peri-Urban Communities in Botswana
Bonolo B. Phinius, Motswedi Anderson, Irene Gobe, Margaret Mokomane, Wonderful T. Choga, Basetsana Phakedi, Tsholofelo Ratsoma, Gorata Mpebe, Joseph Makhema, Roger Shapiro, Shahin Lockman, Rosemary Musonda, Sikhulile Moyo, Simani Gaseitsiwe
Viruses.2024; 16(4): 592. CrossRef
Real-world study on the efficacy and safety of different treatment regimens in treatment-naïve CHB patients with high viral load
Xue Wu, Qin Yan, Chunmei Jiang, Rongshan Fan, Sheling Li
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Target-centric analysis of hepatitis B: identifying key molecules and pathways for treatment
Xinyu Song, Jinlu Zhu, Fengzhi Sun, Nonghan Wang, Xiao Qiu, Qingjun Zhu, Jianhong Qi, Xiaolong Wang
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Exploring the impact of hepatitis B immunoglobulin and antiviral interventions to reduce vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus
Dhita Prabasari Wibowo, Agustiningsih Agustiningsih, Sri Jayanti, Caecilia H C Sukowati, Korri Elvanita El Khobar
World Journal of Experimental Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenomide for the Treatment of HIV/Hepatitis B Virus Co-infection in Patients with Cancer and Transplant Recipients
Jana K Dickter, Justine A Ross
Infectious Diseases.2023; 2(1): 31. CrossRef
Old age as a risk factor for liver diseases: Modern therapeutic approaches
Milena Georgieva, Charilaos Xenodochidis, Natalia Krasteva
Experimental Gerontology.2023; 184: 112334. CrossRef
Study on the intestinal permeability of lamivudine using Caco-2 cells monolayer and Single-pass intestinal perfusion
Weiyin Huang, Shuang Chen, Lin Sun, Hubin Wwang, Hongqun Qiao
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences.2022; 29(4): 2247. CrossRef
External Validation of the FSAC Model Using On-Therapy Changes in Noninvasive Fibrosis Markers in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B: A Multicenter Study
Jae Seung Lee, Hyun Woong Lee, Tae Seop Lim, In Kyung Min, Hye Won Lee, Seung Up Kim, Jun Yong Park, Do Young Kim, Sang Hoon Ahn, Beom Kyung Kim
Cancers.2022; 14(3): 711. CrossRef

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Crossref

Viral hepatitis

Effect of antiviral therapy in reducing perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus and maternal outcomes after discontinuing them: Kwang Il Seo, Si Hyun Bae, Pil Soo Sung, Chung-Hwa Park, Hae Lim Lee, Hee Yeon Kim, Hye Ji Kim, Bo Hyun Jang, Jeong Won Jang, Seung Kew Yoon, Jong Young Choi, In-Yang Park, Juyoung Lee, Hyun Seung Lee, Sa-Jin Kim, Jung Hyun Kwon, U Im Chang, Chang Wook Kim, Se Hyun Jo, Young Lee, Fisseha Tekle, Jong-Hyun Kim; Clin Mol Hepatol 2018;24(4):374-383.
Published online June 26, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2017.0082

Abstract
PDF

Background/Aims
There have been numerous efforts to reduce mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) with antiviral agents during pregnancy. However, there are limited data regarding the outcomes of pregnant women after delivery. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of antiviral agents in preventing MTCT of HBV and maternal long-term outcomes.
Methods
The HBV-infected pregnant women treated with antiviral agents to prevent MTCT were retrospectively reviewed. Forty-one pregnant women who received telbivudine or tenofovir during late pregnancy (28-34 week) were analyzed. Hepatitis B virus surface antibody (HBsAb) positivity was tested in 43 infants after 7 months of birth. Eleven mothers were followed >1 year after delivery.
Results
The mean HBV DNA titer before antiviral therapy was 8.67 (6.60–9.49) log copies/mL, and the median age at delivery was 32 years (range, 22–40). Eleven patients were treated with tenofovir and 30 with telbivudine. The median duration was 57 days (range, 23–100), and the median HBV DNA titer at birth was 5.06 log copies/mL (range, 2.06–6.50). Antiviral treatments were associated with significant HBV DNA reduction (P<0.001). Among 43 infants (two cases of twins), HBsAb was not detected in two, subsequently confirmed to have HBV infection. Biochemical flare was observed in two of 11 mothers followed >12 months, and an antiviral agent was administered.
Conclusions
Antiviral treatment during late pregnancy effectively reduced MTCT. Long-term follow-up should be required in such cases. In addition, given that maternal biochemical flare occurred in 18% of mothers, re-administration of antiviral agents might be required.

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Case Report

Infectious liver disease

Hepatogastric fistula as a rare complication of pyogenic liver abscess: Kyu Won Lee, Hee Yeon Kim, Chang Wook Kim, Young Ki Kim, Ohbeom Kwon, Min Ah Kim, Youngyun Cho, Keungmo Yang; Clin Mol Hepatol 2017;23(1):87-90.
Published online March 9, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2016.0029

Abstract
PDF

Hepatogastric fistula following a pyogenic liver abscess is extremely rare, and only a handful of cases have been reported. An 88-year-old female presented with generalized weakness, fever and chills. An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a 5cm-sized hypodense lesion with internal septa in the left lateral section of the liver. Due to initial suspicion of early liver abscess, she was treated with empirical intravenous antibiotics. Initially, aspiration or drainage of the liver abscess was not performed due to immature lesion characteristics. An ultrasonography-guided percutaneous drainage of the liver abscess was performed 17 days after hospitalization due to a more mature lesion appearance on follow-up imaging. On tubography, contrast media leakage through the fistulous tract was visualized. Surgical management was performed, and she was discharged 2 weeks after surgery.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Hepatogastric Fistula as a Rare Complication of Pyogenic Liver Abscess: A Case Report
Mohammad Kazem Amirbeigy, Amir Pasha Amel Shahbaz, Zahra Sekandari, Shahab Sheikhalishahi
Clinical Case Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Hepatogastric fistula: A rare complication of liver abscess
Sayan Malakar, Akash Mathur, Anshuman Elhence, Uday C. Ghoshal
Indian Journal of Gastroenterology.2024; 43(4): 854. CrossRef
Double Trouble: Synchronous Hepatoduodenal and Hepatocolic Fistulisation in a Case of Untreated Liver Abscess
Saket Dadhich, Vijay Vatvani, Hitakshi Chahal, Richa Jain, Hanuman R Khoja
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Hepatogastric fistula: a complication of pyogenic liver abscess in a patient with the Brugarda syndrome – A rare case report
Santosh Dev, Radheshyam Yadav, Birendra Sah, Ashok Kumar Sah, Bikal Ghimire, Jayant Kumar Shah
Annals of Medicine & Surgery.2023; 85(6): 3098. CrossRef
A Population-Based Study of Unfavorable Prognostic Factors Associated With Pyogenic Liver Abscess
Anna Bläckberg, Astrid Jönsson, Emma Svensson, Torgny Sunnerhagen, Ali Kiasat, Oskar Ljungquist
Open Forum Infectious Diseases.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Fix the Flat: Applying the Principles of Tire Aerosol Repair to Prevent Exsanguination From a Hemorrhagic Intrahepatic Mass
Chase Tenewitz, Taylor S Harmon, Mika Matteo, Sanjay Lamsal, Jerry Matteo
Cureus.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Malignant hepatogastric fistula with associated secondary liver abscess: a rare complication of an occult gastric adenocarcinoma
Alexander Mimery, Nicolas Ramly, Amitabha Das, Kheman Rajkomar
BMJ Case Reports.2021; 14(8): e240238. CrossRef
A RARE CASE OF COMPLICATED LIVER ABSCESS WITH MIDDLE HEPATIC VEIN THROMBOSIS: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE
V.P.S. Punia, Praveen Raman Mishra, Shaavi Mittal, Akash Bharti, Prem Kumar, Mahek Lamba
GLOBAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH ANALYSIS.2021; : 1. CrossRef
Gastric cancer and adenomatous colorectal polyp concomitant with pyogenic liver abscess and bacteremia
Min Kyu Kang, Hee Jung Kwon, Min Cheol Kim
Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine.2020; 37(3): 246. CrossRef
Hepato-Duodenal Fistula Complicating a Pyogenic Liver Abscess: An Unusual Presentation
Amtoj Singh Lamba, Bhavneet Singh, Monica Gupta, Swati Dahiya, Ruchika Saini
Cureus.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Article

Steatotic liver disease

Noninvasive predictors of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in Korean patients with histologically proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Young Seok Kim, Eun Sun Jung, Wonhee Hur, Si Hyun Bae, Jong Young Choi, Myeong Jun Song, Chang Wook Kim, Se Hyun Jo, Chang Don Lee, Young Sok Lee, Sang Wook Choi, Jin Mo Yang, Jeong Won Jang, Sang Gyune Kim, Seung Won Jung, Hee Kyung Kim, Hee Bok Chae, Seung Kew Yoon; Clin Mol Hepatol 2013;19(2):120-130.
Published online June 27, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2013.19.2.120

Abstract
PDF

Background/Aims

The aims of this study were (1) to identify the useful clinical parameters of noninvasive approach for distinguishing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and (2) to determine whether the levels of the identified parameters are correlated with the severity of liver injury in patients with NASH.

Methods

One hundred and eight consecutive patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD (age, 39.8±13.5 years, mean±SD; males, 67.6%) were prospectively enrolled from 10 participating centers across Korea.

Results

According to the original criteria for NAFLD subtypes, 67 patients (62.0%) had NASH (defined as steatosis with hepatocellular ballooning and/or Mallory-Denk bodies or fibrosis ≥2). Among those with NAFLD subtype 3 or 4, none had an NAFLD histologic activity score (NAS) below 3 points, 40.3% had a score of 3 or 4 points, and 59.7% had a score >4 points. Fragmented cytokeratin-18 (CK-18) levels were positively correlated with NAS (r=0.401), as well as NAS components such as lobular inflammation (r=0.387) and ballooning (r=0.231). Fragmented CK-18 was also correlated with aspartate aminotransferase (r=0.609), alanine aminotransferase (r=0.588), serum ferritin (r=0.432), and the fibrosis stage (r=0.314). A fragmented CK-18 cutoff level of 235.5 U/L yielded sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 69.0%, 64.9%, 75.5% (95% CI 62.4-85.1), and 57.1% (95% CI 42.2-70.9), respectively, for the diagnosis of NASH.

Conclusions

Serum fragmented CK-18 levels can be used to distinguish between NASH and NAFL. Further evaluation is required to determine whether the combined measurement of serum CK-18 and ferritin levels improves the diagnostic performance of this distinction.

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Review

Viral hepatitis

Hepatitis C virus: virology and life cycle: Chang Wook Kim, Kyong-Mi Chang; Korean J Hepatol 2013;19(1):17-25.
Published online March 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2013.19.1.17

Abstract
PDF

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a positive sense, single-stranded RNA virus in the Flaviviridae family. It causes acute hepatitis with a high propensity for chronic infection. Chronic HCV infection can progress to severe liver disease including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In the last decade, our basic understanding of HCV virology and life cycle has advanced greatly with the development of HCV cell culture and replication systems. Our ability to treat HCV infection has also been improved with the combined use of interferon, ribavirin and small molecule inhibitors of the virally encoded NS3/4A protease, although better therapeutic options are needed with greater antiviral efficacy and less toxicity. In this article, we review various aspects of HCV life cycle including viral attachment, entry, fusion, viral RNA translation, posttranslational processing, HCV replication, viral assembly and release. Each of these steps provides potential targets for novel antiviral therapeutics to cure HCV infection and prevent the adverse consequences of progressive liver disease.

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The Korean Journal of Hepatology Elsewhere

Apoptosis and diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Chang Wook Kim, Chang Don Lee; Korean J Hepatol 2011;17(3):247-249.
Published online September 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/kjhep.2011.17.3.247

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