Jonggi Choi, Daniel Fulop, Vy H. Nguyen, Eric Przybyszewski, Jiunn Song, Allison Carroll, Megan Michta, Erik Almazan, Tracey G. Simon, Raymond T. Chung
Received July 23, 2025 Accepted November 4, 2025 Published online November 11, 2025
Background and Aims Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a growing cause of cirrhosis and its complications. Given its close association with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), evaluating whether sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) can mitigate the progression of liver fibrosis is clinically important. We examined the association between SGLT2i use and liver fibrosis progression in patients diagnosed with MASLD and T2DM.
Methods We conducted a target trial emulation study using a retrospective, active comparator new-user design among adults with MASLD, T2DM, and low-to-intermediate Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4 ≤2.67) scores who initiated treatment with either SGLT2is or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is) at Mass General Brigham or Asan Medical Center from 2013 to 2023. The primary outcome was the progression to advanced fibrosis (FIB-4 >2.67), confirmed on ≥2 occasions within 1 year. The secondary outcome was the development of major adverse liver outcomes (MALO), including incident cirrhosis, decompensation events, hepatocellular carcinoma, or liver transplantation.
Results Among 16,901 eligible patients, 2,571 propensity score-matched pairs were identified with balanced baseline characteristics. During follow-up (median, 3.7 years), fibrosis progression occurred at a rate of 3.46/100 person-years in SGLT2i users and 4.44 in DPP4i users. SGLT2i use was associated with a lower risk of fibrosis progression (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67–0.89; p<0.001). No significant difference in MALO incidence was observed. Subgroup analyses showed a consistent association among users of metformin, statins, and aspirin.
Conclusions SGLT2i use was associated with reduced risk of fibrotic progression compared to DPP4i use in adults with MASLD and T2DM.
Dong Wook Kim, Won Chang, So Yeon Kim, Young-Suk Lim, Jonggi Choi, Jungheum Cho, Jin-Wook Kim, Jai Young Cho, Sun Kyung Jeon, Yun Bin Lee, Eun Ju Cho, Su Jong Yu, Kyung-Suk Suh, Kwang-Woong Lee, Dong Ho Lee
Clin Mol Hepatol 2025;31(4):1285-1297. Published online June 13, 2025
Background/Aims Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) frequently recurs after curative treatment, posing challenges to long-term survival. Although contrast-enhanced multiphasic computed tomography (CECT) is commonly used for detecting recurrence, it is associated with risks such as radiation exposure and contrast agent reactions. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (NC-MRI) with CECT for detecting recurrent HCC.
Methods In this prospective multicenter intra-individual head-to-head comparison trial (study identifier: NCT05690451, KCT0006395), participants who had undergone curative treatment for HCC and remained recurrence-free for over two years were enrolled. Each participant underwent three follow-up imaging sessions at 2–6-month intervals using both CECT and NC-MRI. The primary outcome was the detection accuracy of each modality, analyzed using the generalized estimating equation analysis. Secondary outcomes included sensitivity and specificity.
Results The study included 203 participants with a total of 528 paired imaging sessions, identifying recurrent HCC in 22 cases (10.8%). Among these, 21 cases involved intrahepatic recurrence with a median tumor size of 1.3 cm, and one case had aortocaval lymph node metastasis. NC-MRI achieved a detection accuracy of 96.6% (196/203), higher than CECT’s 91.6% (186/203) (P=0.006). NC-MRI also showed greater sensitivity (77.3% [17/22] vs. 36.4% [8/22]; P=0.012), while specificity was comparable between NC-MRI and CECT (98.9% [179/181] vs. 98.3% [178/181]; P=0.999).
Conclusions NC-MRI demonstrated higher sensitivity and accuracy compared to CECT in detecting recurrent HCC in patients who had been disease-free for over two years following curative treatment, indicating its potential as a preferred imaging modality for this purpose.
Reply to correspondence on “Cardiovascular risk in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or tenofovir alafenamide” Pin-Nan Cheng, Ming-Lung Yu Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2024; 30(4): 1031. CrossRef
Background/Aims Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is known to have a lipid-lowering effect. This is in contrast to tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), which has a lipid-neutral effect. Therefore, concerns have been raised as to whether these differences affect long-term cardiovascular risk. Here, we aimed to evaluate the long-term risk of cardiovascular events in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients treated with TAF or TDF.
Methods We retrospectively analyzed 4,124 treatment-naïve CHB patients treated with TDF (n=3,186) or TAF (n=938) between 2012 and 2022. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and hospitalization for unstable angina or heart failure. Serial changes in lipid profiles between two treatments were also explored.
Results The median age of the patients was 50.6 years, and 60.6% of the patients were male. At baseline, 486 (11.8%) and 637 (15.4%) of the patients had dyslipidemia and fatty liver, respectively. A total of 42 MACE occurred, with an annual incidence of 0.2%/100 person-years (PYs). At 1, 3, and 5 years, the cumulative risk of MACE was 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2% in patients treated with TDF, and 0.2%, 0.7%, and 0.7% in patients treated with TAF, respectively (p=0.538). No significant differences in the risk of MACE were observed between TDF and TAF. A multivariable analysis found that current smoker and a history of cardiovascular events were risk factors associated with an increased risk of MACE.
Conclusions Patients treated with TAF had comparable risks of cardiovascular outcomes, defined as MACE, as patients treated with TDF.
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