Background/Aims Iron-corrected T1 (cT1) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived biomarker of hepatic fibro-inflammation. This study aimed to investigate whether high cT1 values are associated with an increased risk of extrahepatic malignancy in a large prospective cohort.
Methods We included 24,003 cancer-free participants from the United Kingdom (UK) Biobank with liver MRI and complete covariate data. Incident extrahepatic malignancy was assessed over a median follow-up of 4.28 years. Multivariable Fine–Gray subdistribution hazard models were used to evaluate the association between cT1 and extrahepatic cancer risk, accounting for competing risks and adjusting for demographic, metabolic, and liver-related factors.
Results During follow-up, 1,144 participants developed extrahepatic malignancies. In the multivariable analysis, higher cT1 was independently associated with increased extrahepatic cancer risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.116; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.033–1.205, per standard deviation increase; P=0.005). Older age (HR, 1.512; 95% CI, 1.402–1.631) and male sex (HR, 1.388; 95% CI, 1.220–1.578) were also significant predictors (P<0.001). The fibrosis-4 score showed a modest positive association (HR, 1.032; 95% CI, 1.004–1.062; P=0.026), whereas MRI-proton density fat fraction demonstrated an inverse association (HR, 0.906; 95% CI, 0.832–0.987; P=0.024). When dichotomized at 771 ms, elevated cT1 was associated with a higher cumulative incidence of extrahepatic malignancy (6.1% vs. 4.6%, P=0.002).
Conclusions Elevated cT1 is independently associated with an increased risk of future extrahepatic malignancy, suggesting that it may reflect systemic disease processes related to cancer risk. These findings highlight the potential relevance of cT1 beyond liver-specific outcomes; however, further validation is required before clinical implementation.
158
View
13
Download
Editorials
Artificial intelligence, epidemiology, methodology, or others
Agreement of VNC and Spectral Photon-Counting CT in the Assessment of Normal to Minimal Hepatic Fat in Comparison with MRI David Klemm, Maximilian F. Russe, Marco Reisert, Sebastian Faby, Lukas Rohloff, Tobias Böttler, Michael Schultheiß, Fabian Bamberg, Jakob Weiß, Stephan Rau Academic Radiology.2026; 33(5): 1957. CrossRef
Artificial intelligence-assisted rapid on-site evaluation in liver biopsy: a diagnostic accuracy study Cheng-Cheng Du, Yu-Xian Chen, Chun-Hai Li, Hong- Meng, Fan-Lei Kong Frontiers in Oncology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Value of Mac-2 Binding Protein Glycosylation Isomer (M2BPGi) in Assessing Liver Fibrosis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Liver Disease: A Comprehensive Review of its Serum Biomarker Role Mohammadjavad Sotoudeheian Current Protein & Peptide Science.2025; 26(1): 6. CrossRef
Association Between Handgrip Strength and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in MASLD: A Prospective Study From UK Biobank Tae Seop Lim, Sujin Kwon, Sung A. Bae, Hye Yeon Chon, Seol A. Jang, Ja Kyung Kim, Chul Sik Kim, Seok Won Park, Kyoung Min Kim Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of MRI and CT based deep learning radiomics analyses and their combination for diagnosing intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma Ming Cheng, Hanyue Zhang, Yimin Guo, Peijie Lyu, Jing Yan, Yin Liu, Pan Liang, Zhigang Ren, Jianbo Gao Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Assisting the Diagnosis of Cirrhosis in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Based on Machine Learning Algorithms: A Novel Non‐Invasive Approach Emre Dirican, Tayibe Bal, Yusuf Onlen, Figen Sarigul, Ulku User, Nagehan Didem Sari, Behice Kurtaran, Ebubekir Senates, Alper Gunduz, Esra Zerdali, Hasan Karsen, Ayse Batirel, Ridvan Karaali, Hatice Rahmet Guner, Tansu Yamazhan, Sukran Kose, Nurettin Erbe Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of CALLY index with NAFLD in U.S. adults from NHANES 2017–2020 assessed by vibration-controlled transient elastography Xunge Lin, Xiaozhen Huang, Ziqun Yi, Minran Li, Xujing Liang Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Application of Aptamer and Research Progress in Liver Disease Cheng Xu, Yong Tan, Li-Ye Zhang, Xiao-Jie Luo, Jiang-Feng Wu, Lan Ma, Fei Deng Molecular Biotechnology.2024; 66(5): 1000. CrossRef
Case report: Chronic hepatitis C with anti-HCV positive and serum HCV RNA negative Huihui Lu, Wen Deng, Yao Lu, Lu Zhang, Yao Xie, Minghui Li Gastroenterology & Endoscopy.2023; 1(2): 120. CrossRef
Diagnostic Efficacy of Serum Asialo α1-Acid Glycoprotein Levels for Advanced Liver Fibrosis and Cirrhosis in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Compared to That in Healthy Subjects: A Prospective Study Yoonseok Lee, Seryun Bae, Ji Hoon Kim, Minjung Kwak, So Yeon Jeon, Taehyung Kim, Sun Young Yim, Young-Sun Lee, Young Kul Jung, Yeon Seok Seo, Hyung Joon Yim, Jong Eun Yeon, Kwan Soo Byun Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(2): 712. CrossRef
Circulating miR-122-5p, miR-92a-3p, and miR-18a-5p as Potential Biomarkers in Human Liver Transplantation Follow-Up Cristina Morsiani, Salvatore Collura, Federica Sevini, Erika Ciurca, Valentina Rosa Bertuzzo, Claudio Franceschi, Gian Luca Grazi, Matteo Cescon, Miriam Capri International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(4): 3457. CrossRef
Fibrotic Burden in the Liver Differs Across Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease Subtypes Tae Seop Lim, Ho Soo Chun, Soon Sun Kim, Ja Kyung Kim, Minjong Lee, Hyo Jung Cho, Seung Up Kim, Jae Youn Cheong Gut and Liver.2023; 17(4): 610. CrossRef
Decreased Bleeding-Related Adverse Events Using Track Embolization with Gelatin Sponge Slurry after Percutaneous Liver Biopsy: A Propensity Score–Matched Study Sungho Koh, Hoon Kwon, Lee Hwangbo, Chang Won Kim, Suk Kim, Seung Baek Hong Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology.2023; 34(12): 2128. CrossRef
Correlation of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases with Liver Involvement Severity in Autoimmune Hepatobiliary Pathology: Cross-Sectional Study Olga V. Usoltseva, Andrey N. Surkov, Goar B. Movsisyan, Alexander S. Potapov, Elena A. Kulebina, Кirill A. Kulikov, Vladislav V. Chernikov Current Pediatrics.2022; 21(2): 105. CrossRef
Towards Autonomous Robotic Biopsy—Design, Modeling and Control of a Robot for Needle Insertion of a Commercial Full Core Biopsy Instrument Seyed MohammadReza Sajadi, Seyed Mojtaba Karbasi, Henrik Brun, Jim Tørresen, Ole Jacob Elle, Kim Mathiassen Frontiers in Robotics and AI.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Risk assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver‐related events using ultrasonography and transient elastography in patients with chronic hepatitis B Sung Hwan Yoo, Tae Seop Lim, Hyun Woong Lee, Ja Kyung Kim, Jae Seung Lee, Hye Won Lee, Beom Kyung Kim, Jun Yong Park, Do Young Kim, Sang Hoon Ahn, Jung Il Lee, Kwan Sik Lee, Seung Up Kim Journal of Viral Hepatitis.2021; 28(10): 1362. CrossRef
Realization of improved outcomes following liver resection in hepatocellular carcinoma patients aged 75 years and older Jong Man Kim, Jinsoo Rhu, Sang Yun Ha, Gyu-Seong Choi, Choon Hyuck David Kwon, Gaabsoo Kim, Jae-Won Joh Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2021; 101(5): 257. CrossRef
Serum Myostatin Predicts the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Alcoholic Cirrhosis: A Multicenter Study Ji Hyun Kim, Seong Hee Kang, Minjong Lee, Gi Soo Youn, Tae Suk Kim, Baek Gyu Jun, Moon Young Kim, Young Don Kim, Gab Jin Cheon, Dong Joon Kim, Soon Koo Baik, Dae Hee Choi, Ki Tae Suk Cancers.2020; 12(11): 3347. CrossRef
Assessment of Renal Function in Egyptian HCV Patients Treated with Combination Therapy of Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir Hala Abd El Maguid, Ahmed Heiba, Enass El Sayed, Hazem El-Hariri, Haythem Tolba, Muhammad Abdel Ghaffar Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences.2022; 10(B): 82. CrossRef
Sofosbuvir and risk of estimated glomerular filtration rate decline or end‐stage renal disease in patients with renal impairment Mark Sulkowski, Laura E. Telep, Massimo Colombo, Francois Durand, K. Rajender Reddy, Eric Lawitz, Marc Bourlière, Nelson Cheinquer, Stacey Scherbakovsky, Liyun Ni, Lindsey Force, Heribert Ramroth, Anuj Gaggar, Anand P. Chokkalingam, Meghan E. Sise Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2022; 55(9): 1169. CrossRef
Serum Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) in HCV-Positive Egyptian Patients Treated with Sofosbuvir Ali Nada, Mohamed Abbasy, Aliaa Sabry, Azza Mohamed Abdu Allah, Somaia Shehab-Eldeen, Nada Elnaidany, Hanan Elimam, Kawthar Ibraheem Mohamed Ibraheem, Abdallah Essa Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2020; 2020: 1. CrossRef
An update on recent developments in the search for hepatitis C virus therapies with pan-genotypic efficacy Guglielmo Borgia, Riccardo Scotto, Antonio Riccardo Buonomo Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs.2019; 28(5): 395. CrossRef
Real-World Efficacy and Safety of Pangenotypic Direct-Acting Antivirals Against Hepatitis C Virus Infection Riccardo Scotto, Antonio Riccardo Buonomo, Nicola Schiano Moriello, Alberto Enrico Maraolo, Emanuela Zappulo, Biagio Pinchera, Ivan Gentile, Guglielmo Borgia Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials.2019; 14(3): 173. CrossRef
Lamivudine: fading into the mists of time Jonggi Choi, Young-Suk Lim Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2017; 23(4): 314. CrossRef
First
Prev
