Chronic hepatitis B infection is a major public health challenge. With the advancement in technology, various components of the viral cycle can now be measured in the blood to assess viral activity. In this review article, we summarize the relevant data of how antiviral therapies impact viral biomarkers, and discuss their potential implications. Viral nucleic acids including hepatitis B virus (HBV) double-stranded deoxy-ribonucleic acid (DNA) and to a lesser extent, pre-genomic RNA, are readily suppressed by nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs). The primary role of these markers include risk prediction for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and risk stratification for partial cure, defined as off-therapy virological control, or functional cure, defined as hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance plus undetectable serum HBV DNA for ≥6 months. Viral translational products including hepatitis e antigen, quantitative HBsAg and hepatitis B core-related antigen can be reduced by NUCs and pegylated interferon a. They are important in defining disease phase, delineating treatment endpoints, and predicting clinical outcomes including HCC risk and partial/ functional cure. As the primary outcome of phase III trials in chronic hepatitis B is set as HBsAg seroclearance, appropriate viral biomarkers can potentially inform the efficacy of novel compounds. Early viral biomarker response can help with prioritization of subjects into clinical trials. However, standardization and validation studies would be crucial before viral biomarkers can be broadly implemented in clinical use.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Large-scale profile study on hepatitis B surface antigen levels in chronic hepatitis B: implications for drug development targeting functional cure Rex Wan-Hin Hui, Trevor Kwan-Hung Wu, Karen Cheuk-Ying Ho, Ryan Hin-Man Leung, Matthew Shing-Hin Chung, Danny Ka-Ho Wong, James Fung, Wai-Kay Seto, Lung Yi Mak, Man-Fung Yuen Gut.2026; 75(1): 119. CrossRef
Investigational RNA Interference Agents for Hepatitis B Rex Wan-Hin Hui, Lung-Yi Mak, Wai-Kay Seto, Man-Fung Yuen BioDrugs.2025; 39(1): 21. CrossRef
Hepatitis B core-related antigen as a promising serological marker for monitoring hepatitis B virus cure Yue Qiu, Qiao Tang, Xiao-Qing Liu, Yun-Ling Xue, Yi Zeng, Peng Hu World Journal of Hepatology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Prospect of emerging treatments for hepatitis B virus functional cure Rex Wan-Hin Hui, Lung-Yi Mak, James Fung, Wai-Kay Seto, Man-Fung Yuen Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025; 31(Suppl): S165. CrossRef
Development and Validation of a High‐Sensitivity Droplet Digital PCR Assay for Serum Hepatitis B Virus DNA Detection Rex Wan‐Hin Hui, Danny Ka‐Ho Wong, Lung‐Yi Mak, James Fung, Wai‐Kay Seto, Man‐Fung Yuen Journal of Viral Hepatitis.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Functional Cure for Hepatitis B Virus: Challenges and Achievements Oren Shechter, Daniel G. Sausen, Harel Dahari, Andrew Vaillant, Scott J. Cotler, Ronen Borenstein International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(8): 3633. CrossRef
Longitudinal profile of plasma pregenomic RNA in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection on long-term nucleoside analogues and its interaction with clinical parameters Lung-Yi Mak, Mark Anderson, Michael Stec, Matthew Shing-Hin Chung, Danny Ka-Ho Wong, Rex Wan-Hin Hui, Wai-Kay Seto, Gavin Cloherty, Man-Fung Yuen Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025; 31(2): 460. CrossRef
Unraveling Demographic Patterns in Hepatitis B Clinical and Laboratory Profiles: Insights From a Ghanaian Cohort: A Retrospective Study Napoleon Bellua Sam, Saeed Folorunsho Majeed, Adams Dramani Health Science Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Emerging therapies for HBsAg seroclearance: spotlight on novel combination strategies Rex Wan-Hin Hui, James Fung, Wai-Kay Seto, Man-Fung Yuen, Lung-Yi Mak Hepatology International.2025; 19(4): 704. CrossRef
Simplified flow cytometry-based assay for rapid multi-cytokine profiling and machine-learning-assisted diagnosis of inflammatory diseases Qiang Quan, Xuegui Ju, Guangmei Li, Lu Ye, Sichong Ren, Shuxin Yang, Rui Zhang, Hui Wang, Ruyue Lin, Luoting Yu Frontiers in Pharmacology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Prise en charge du porteur de l’antigène HBs F.H. Pujol, R. Jaspe, C. Trépo, I. Chemin EMC - Hépatologie.2025; 40(4): 1. CrossRef
Challenges and advances in clinical cure of chronic hepatitis B Xu-Ling Liu, Yu-Lang Jiang, Ming-Yu Sun World Chinese Journal of Digestology.2025; 33(9): 693. CrossRef
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Isoforms: Their Clinical Implications, Utilisation in Diagnosis, Prevention and New Antiviral Strategies Ivana Lazarevic, Ana Banko, Danijela Miljanovic, Maja Cupic Pathogens.2024; 13(1): 46. CrossRef
ALT to qHBsAg ratio predicts long-term HBsAg seroclearance after entecavir cessation in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B Ryan Hin-Man Leung, Rex Wan-Hin Hui, Lung-Yi Mak, Xianhua Mao, Kevin Sze-Hang Liu, Danny Ka-Ho Wong, James Fung, Wai-Kay Seto, Man-Fung Yuen Journal of Hepatology.2024; 81(2): 218. CrossRef
Lack of association between early on-treatment HBeAg seroclearance and development of hepatocellular carcinoma or decompensated cirrhosis Hyunjae Shin, Won-Mook Choi, Seung Up Kim, Yunmi Ko, Youngsu Park, Jeayeon Park, Moon Haeng Hur, Min Kyung Park, Yun Bin Lee, Yoon Jun Kim, Jung-Hwan Yoon, Jeong-Hoon Lee, Fabien Zoulim JHEP Reports.2024; 6(7): 101089. CrossRef
Linvencovir: Paving the way for functional cure in hepatitis B Jiwon Yang, Jonggi Choi Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2024; 30(2): 164. CrossRef
Editorial: High qHBsAg—is it a good or bad signal? Beom Kyung Kim Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2024; 59(12): 1616. CrossRef
Role of hepatitis B core‐related antigen in predicting the occurrence and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B: A systemic review and meta‐analysis Qi‐Hang Cao, Hui Liu, Lun‐Jie Yan, Han‐Chao Wang, Zi‐Niu Ding, Xin‐Cheng Mao, Rui‐Zhe Li, Guo‐Qiang Pan, Xiao Zhang, Bao‐Wen Tian, Cheng‐Long Han, Zhao‐Ru Dong, Si‐Yu Tan, Dong‐Xu Wang, Yu‐Chuan Yan, Tao Li Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2024; 39(8): 1464. CrossRef
Current perspectives of viral hepatitis Daisuke Usuda, Yuki Kaneoka, Rikuo Ono, Masashi Kato, Yuto Sugawara, Runa Shimizu, Tomotari Inami, Eri Nakajima, Shiho Tsuge, Riki Sakurai, Kenji Kawai, Shun Matsubara, Risa Tanaka, Makoto Suzuki, Shintaro Shimozawa, Yuta Hotchi, Ippei Osugi, Risa Katou, World Journal of Gastroenterology.2024; 30(18): 2402. CrossRef
Extended analysis on peripheral blood cytokines correlated with hepatitis B virus viral load in chronically infected patients – a systematic review and meta-analysis Marina Manea, Ion Mărunțelu, Ileana Constantinescu Frontiers in Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Class II transactivator restricts viral replication, extending its effect to HBV: Editorial on “Novel role of MHC class II transactivator in hepatitis B virus replication and viral counteraction” Cho-Rong Lee, Sung-Gyoo Park Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2024; 30(4): 724. CrossRef
Decreasing performance of HCC prediction models during antiviral therapy for hepatitis B: what else to keep in mind: Editorial on “Hepatocellular carcinoma prediction model performance decreases with long-term antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B pati Beom Kyung Kim Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2024; 30(4): 656. CrossRef
CD4+ T cell counts and soluble programmed death-1 at baseline correlated with hepatitis B surface antigen decline in HIV/HBV coinfection during combined antiretroviral therapy Xiaodi Li, Ling Xu, Lianfeng Lu, Xiaosheng Liu, Yang Yang, Yuanni Wu, Yang Han, Xiaoxia Li, Yanling Li, Xiaojing Song, Wei Cao, Taisheng Li Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Opportunities and challenges for hepatitis B cure Armando Andres Roca Suarez, Fabien Zoulim eGastroenterology.2023; 1(2): e100021. CrossRef
Non-Invasive Prediction Scores for Hepatitis B Virus- and Hepatitis D Virus-Infected Patients—A Cohort from the North-Eastern Part of Romania Laura Iulia Grecu, Camelia Sultana, Mariana Pavel-Tanasa, Simona Maria Ruta, Mihaela Chivu-Economescu, Lilia Matei, Ramona Gabriela Ursu, Elena Iftimi, Luminita Smaranda Iancu Microorganisms.2023; 11(12): 2895. CrossRef
Background/Aims We investigated the dynamics of serum HBV pre-genomic RNA (pgRNA) and hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) in patients receiving nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) and their predictability for favourable suppression of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg).
Methods Serum viral biomarkers were measured at baseline, weeks 4, 12, 24, 36, and 48 of treatment. Patients were followed up thereafter and serum HBsAg level was measured at end of follow-up (EOFU). Favourable HBsAg response (FHR) was defined as ≤100 IU/mL or HBsAg seroclearance upon EOFU.
Results Twenty-eight hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive and 36 HBeAg-negative patients (median, 38.2 years old; 71.9% male) were recruited with median follow-up duration of 17.1 years (interquartile range, 12.8–18.2). For the entire cohort, 22/64 (34.4%) achieved FHR. For HBeAg-positive patients, serum HBV pgRNA decline at week 4 was significantly greater for patients with FHR compared to non-FHR (5.49 vs. 4.32 log copies/mL, respectively; P=0.016). The area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUROC) for week 4 HBV pgRNA reduction to predict FHR in HBeAg-positive patients was 0.825 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.661–0.989). For HBeAg-negative patients, instead of increase in serum HBcrAg in non-FHR patients, FHR patients had median reduction in HBcrAg at week 4 (increment of 1.75 vs. reduction of 2.98 log U/mL; P=0.023). The AUROC for week 4 change of HBcrAg to predict FHR in HBeAg-negative patients was 0.789 (95% CI, 0.596–0.982).
Conclusions Early on-treatment changes of serum HBV pgRNA and HBcrAg at 4 weeks predict HBsAg seroclearance or ≤100 IU/mL in NA-treated CHB patients upon long-term FU.
Factors associated with low hepatitis B surface antigen levels in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with nucleot(s)ide analogs Takanori Suzuki, Kentaro Matsuura, Takako Inoue, Hayato Kawamura, Kei Fujiwara, Hiromi Kataoka, Yasuhito Tanaka Hepatology Research.2025; 55(3): 309. CrossRef
Hepatitis B core-related antigen as a promising serological marker for monitoring hepatitis B virus cure Yue Qiu, Qiao Tang, Xiao-Qing Liu, Yun-Ling Xue, Yi Zeng, Peng Hu World Journal of Hepatology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Serum O-glycosylated HBsAg levels correlate with HBV RNA in HBeAg positive CHB patients during antiviral therapy Bilian Yao, Qi Xu, Yousuke Yamada, Kiyohiko Angata, Yan Zhang, Hisashi Narimatsu, Demin Yu, Xinxin Zhang Antiviral Research.2025; 234: 106077. CrossRef
Longitudinal profile of plasma pregenomic RNA in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection on long-term nucleoside analogues and its interaction with clinical parameters Lung-Yi Mak, Mark Anderson, Michael Stec, Matthew Shing-Hin Chung, Danny Ka-Ho Wong, Rex Wan-Hin Hui, Wai-Kay Seto, Gavin Cloherty, Man-Fung Yuen Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025; 31(2): 460. CrossRef
HBcrAg Dynamic Change During Treatment Predicts HBsAg Loss in Pediatric Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Ling Ye, Wenxian Ouyang, Yingping Gu, Zhenzhen Yao, Xin Lai, Sisi Li, Meng Yang, Songxu Peng Journal of Medical Virology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Dynamics of HBV biomarkers during nucleos(t)ide analog treatment: A 14-year study Florian van Bömmel, Elisabetta Degasperi, Alena van Bömmel, Floriana Facchetti, Dana Sambarino, Danilo Deichsel, Jessica Brehm, Rodrigue Kamga Wouambo, Melanie Maier, Maria Pfefferkorn, Thomas Berg, Pietro Lampertico Hepatology Communications.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Profiles of HBV DNA integration in humans with hepatitis B virus infection: Insights for antiviral treatment Rex Wan-Hin Hui, Danny Ka-Ho Wong, Xueying Lyu, Lung-Yi Mak, James Fung, Wai-Kay Seto, Daniel Wai-Hung Ho, Man-Fung Yuen JHEP Reports.2025; 7(9): 101487. CrossRef
Racing toward the future of chronic hepatitis B management: Achieving functional cure and enhancing hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance through precision medicine Yaru Shi, Rong Fan Interdisciplinary Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical value of serum HBV RNA in patients with chronic hepatitis B during antiviral therapy Xiaojing Zhang, Fengmin Lu, Rui Wu, Qiaofei Jin, Yijun Zhou, Chen Wang, Huaguo Shao, Shourong Liu PeerJ.2025; 13: e20275. CrossRef
Changes in Hepatitis B Core Antigen and Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Expression Following Antiviral Therapy and Their Role in Outcome of Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Mohammed Rifat Shaik, Lauren Apodaca, Sungyoung Auh, Meera Kattapuram, Gavin A. Cloherty, David E. Kleiner, Marc G. Ghany Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Hepatitis B virus functional cure in persons with HIV: what are the predictors and which novel markers are useful? Lorin Begré, Fabien Zoulim, Anders Boyd Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Biogenesis of serum HBV RNA and clinical phenomena of serum HBV RNA in chronic hepatitis B patients before and after receiving nucleos(t)ide analogues therapy Liandong Wu, Zhenggang Yang, Min Zheng Journal of Viral Hepatitis.2024; 31(5): 255. CrossRef
Letter regarding “Hepatitis B core-related antigen dynamics and risk of subsequent clinical relapses after nucleos(t)ide analog cessation” Yun-Fan Liaw Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2024; 30(2): 269. CrossRef
Circulating HBV RNA and Hepatitis B Core–Related Antigen Trajectories in Persons With HIV/HBV Coinfection and Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Loss During Tenofovir Therapy Lorin Begré, Anders Boyd, Marie-Laure Plissonnier, Barbara Testoni, Luisa Salazar-Vizcaya, Franziska Suter-Riniker, Caroline Scholtès, Charles Béguelin, Jürgen K Rockstroh, Huldrych F Günthard, Alexandra Calmy, Matthias Cavassini, Hans H Hirsch, Patrick S The Journal of Infectious Diseases.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Detection technology and clinical applications of serum viral products of hepatitis B virus infection Ying Liu, Di Wu, Kui Zhang, Rongrong Ren, Yuxuan Liu, Shuya Zhang, Xuanyu Zhang, Jilin Cheng, Liping Chen, Jun Huang Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Correspondence on Editorial regarding “HBV pgRNA and HBcrAg reductions at week 4 predict favourable HBsAg response upon long-term nucleos(t)ide analogue in CHB” Lung-Yi Mak, Wai-Kay Seto, Man-Fung Yuen Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2023; 29(1): 191. CrossRef
New biomarkers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection: HBV RNA and HBV core-related antigen, new kids on the block? Young-Suk Lim Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2023; 29(1): 118. CrossRef
Moving toward hepatitis B virus functional cure - the impact of on-treatment kinetics of serum viral markers Lilian Yan Liang, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Grace Lai-Hung Wong, Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2023; 29(1): 113. CrossRef
Advances in determining new treatments for hepatitis B infection by utilizing existing and novel biomarkers Lung-Yi Mak, Rex Wan-Hin Hui, Ka-Shing Cheung, James Fung, Wai-Kay Seto, Man-Fung Yuen Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery.2023; 18(4): 401. CrossRef
Utility of novel viral and immune markers in predicting HBV treatment endpoints: A systematic review of treatment discontinuation studies Georgia Zeng, Apostolos Koffas, Lung-Yi Mak, Upkar S. Gill, Patrick T.F. Kennedy JHEP Reports.2023; 5(6): 100720. CrossRef
The role of different viral biomarkers on the management of chronic hepatitis B Lung-Yi Mak, Rex Wan-Hin Hui, James Fung, Wai Kay Seto, Man-Fung Yuen Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2023; 29(2): 263. CrossRef
Past, present, and future of long-term treatment for hepatitis B virus Teresa Broquetas, José A Carrión World Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 29(25): 3964. CrossRef
Background/Aims Data of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine immunogenicity among chronic liver disease (CLD) and liver transplant (LT) patients are conflicting. We performed meta-analysis to examine vaccine immunogenicity regarding etiology, cirrhosis status, vaccine platform and type of antibody.
Methods We collected data via three databases from inception to February 16, 2022, and reported pooled seroconversion rate, T cell response and safety data after two vaccine doses.
Results Twenty-eight (CLD only: 5; LT only: 18; both: 2; LT with third dose: 3) observational studies of 3,945 patients were included. For CLD patients, seroconversion rate ranged between 84% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76–90%) and 91% (95% CI, 83–95%), based predominantly on neutralizing antibody and anti-spike antibody, respectively. Seroconversion rate was 81% (95% CI, 76–86%) in chronic hepatitis B, 96% (95% CI, 93–97%) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, 85% (95% CI, 75–91%) in cirrhosis and 85% (95% CI, 78–90%) in non-cirrhosis, 86% (95% CI, 78–92%) for inactivated vaccine and 89% (95% CI, 71–96%) for mRNA vaccine. The pooled seroconversion rate of anti-spike antibody was 66% (95% CI, 55–75%) after two doses of mRNA vaccines and 88% (95% CI, 58–98%) after third dose among LT recipients. T cell response rate was 65% (95% CI, 30–89%). Prevalence of adverse events was 27% (95% CI, 18–38%) and 63% (95% CI, 39–82%) among CLD and LT groups, respectively.
Conclusions CLD patients had good humoral response to COVID-19 vaccine, while LT recipients had lower response.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
High Rate of Antibody Response to Multiple Doses of the COVID-19 Vaccine in Liver Transplant Recipients: Analysis of Predictive Factors Nunzio Zignani, Andrea Costantino, Michele Sagasta, Clara Dibenedetto, Riccardo Perbellini, Sara Uceda Renteria, Pietro Lampertico, Maria Francesca Donato Vaccines.2025; 13(4): 352. CrossRef
Examining Vaccination Coverage in Patients with Diagnosis of Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Greece Paschalina Dafnou, Ioannis Elefsiniotis, Theodoula Adamakidou, Nikoletta Margari, Stelios Parissopoulos, Lambrini Kourkouta, Konstantinos Giakoumidakis, Eleni Dokoutsidou Livers.2025; 5(4): 68. CrossRef
Clinical application of COVID-19 vaccine in liver transplant recipients Feng-Chao Liu, Man Xie, Wei Rao Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International.2024; 23(4): 339. CrossRef
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of liver transplant recipients infected by Omicron during the opening up of the dynamic zero-coronavirus disease policy in China: A prospective, observational study Wei Zhang, Rongrong Wang, Pingbo Jin, Xinyu Yu, Weili Wang, Yuntao Zhang, Xueli Bai, Tingbo Liang American Journal of Transplantation.2024; 24(4): 631. CrossRef
Ursodeoxycholic acid does not affect the clinical outcome of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A retrospective study of propensity score‐matched cohorts Giuseppe Marrone, Marcello Covino, Giuseppe Merra, Andrea Piccioni, Annamaria Amodeo, Angela Novelli, Rita Murri, Maurizio Pompili, Antonio Gasbarrini, Francesco Franceschi Liver International.2024; 44(1): 83. CrossRef
Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with liver transplantation: a multicenter retrospective cohort study L Hu, H Zhang, C Huang, T Shen, Z Feng, F Mu, L Xu, Y Lin, C Yue, K Guo, M Tian, J Shi, C Zhang, P Wen, S Cao, Y Wang, J Zhang, X Shi, Z Wang, Y He, X Zhang, X Liu, Y Lv, Z Liu, W Guo, B Wang QJM: An International Journal of Medicine.2024; 117(5): 339. CrossRef
Advancements in Vaccine Strategies for Chronic Liver Disease Patients: Navigating Post-COVID Challenges and Opportunities Samer Al-Dury, Nelly Kanberg Vaccines.2024; 12(2): 197. CrossRef
Third vaccine boosters and anti‐S‐IgG levels: A comparison of homologous and heterologous responses and poor immunogenicity in hepatocellular carcinoma Chih‐Wen Wang, Chung‐Feng Huang, Tyng‐Yuan Jang, Ming‐Lun Yeh, Po‐Cheng Liang, Yu‐Ju Wei, Po‐Yao Hsu, Ching‐I. Huang, Ming‐Yen Hsieh, Yi‐Hung Lin, Jee‐Fu Huang, Chia‐Yen Dai, Wan‐Long Chuang, Ming‐Lung Yu The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences.2024; 40(5): 477. CrossRef
Klinische Verläufe und Kosten für Hospitalisierungen von COVID-19-Patienten mit potenziell eingeschränktem Immunsystem in Deutschland Dennis Häckl, Marc Pignot, Phi Long Dang, Victoria Lauenroth, Fungwe Jah, Clemens-Martin Wendtner DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift.2024; 149(07): e38. CrossRef
Immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with cirrhosis: A meta-analysis Lichen Ouyang, Gang Lei, Yeli Gong Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between Gut Microbiota Composition and Long-Term Vaccine Immunogenicity following Three Doses of CoronaVac Li-Na Zhang, Jing-Tong Tan, Ho-Yu Ng, Yun-Shi Liao, Rui-Qi Zhang, Kwok-Hung Chan, Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung, Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam, Ka-Shing Cheung Vaccines.2024; 12(4): 365. CrossRef
Proton pump inhibitors associated with severe COVID‐19 among two‐dose but not three‐dose vaccine recipients Ka Shing Cheung, Vincent K C Yan, Xuxiao Ye, Ivan F N Hung, Esther W Chan, Wai K Leung Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2024; 39(9): 1837. CrossRef
Serological responses to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with chronic liver diseases Yu-Shan Huang, Szu-Min Hsieh, Feng-Chiao Tsai, Chien-Chih Tung, Hung-Chih Yang, Sui-Yuan Chang, Jann-Tay Wang, Chun-Jen Liu, Tung-Hung Su, Jia-Horng Kao Journal of the Formosan Medical Association.2024; 123(11): 1194. CrossRef
Effect of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease on BNT162b2 immunogenicity against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 omicron variant Lok Ka Lam, Jing Tong Tan, Poh Hwa Ooi, Ruiqi Zhang, Kwok Hung Chan, Xianhua Mao, Ivan F N Hung, Wai Kay Seto, Man Fung Yuen, Ka Shing Cheung Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2024; 39(11): 2386. CrossRef
Letter regarding “COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity among chronic liver disease patients and liver transplant recipients: A meta-analysis” Rujittika Mungmunpuntipantip, Viroj Wiwanitkit Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2023; 29(1): 168. CrossRef
Correspondence on Letter regarding “COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity among chronic liver disease patients and liver transplant recipients: A meta-analysis” Ka Shing Cheung, Chiu Hang Mok, Wai Kay Seto, Man Fung Yuen Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2023; 29(1): 176. CrossRef
Impact of chronic liver disease on SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes: Roles of stage, etiology and vaccination Riccardo Nevola, Livio Criscuolo, Domenico Beccia, Augusto Delle Femine, Rachele Ruocco, Simona Imbriani, Maria Alfano, Angela Villani, Antonio Russo, Pasquale Perillo, Raffaele Marfella, Luigi Elio Adinolfi, Ferdinando Carlo Sasso, Aldo Marrone, Luca Rin World Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 29(5): 800. CrossRef
Association between Gut Microbiota and SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccine Immunogenicity Ho Yu Ng, Wai K. Leung, Ka Shing Cheung Microorganisms.2023; 11(2): 452. CrossRef
Effect of Moderate to Severe Hepatic Steatosis on Vaccine Immunogenicity against Wild-Type and Mutant Virus and COVID-19 Infection among BNT162b2 Recipients Ka Shing Cheung, Lok Ka Lam, Xianhua Mao, Jing Tong Tan, Poh Hwa Ooi, Ruiqi Zhang, Kwok Hung Chan, Ivan F. N. Hung, Wai Kay Seto, Man Fung Yuen Vaccines.2023; 11(3): 497. CrossRef
Analysis of Antibody Responses After COVID-19 Vaccination in Liver Transplant Recipients: A Single-Center Study Young Ju Oh, Jongman Kim, Eun-Suk Kang, Jinsoo Rhu, Gyu-Seong Choi, Jae-Won Joh Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Research Progress of Novel Coronavirus Vac-cine in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease 露 王 Advances in Clinical Medicine.2023; 13(04): 6745. CrossRef
Humoral Immune Response after COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Prospective Real-Life Single Center Study Elisa Biliotti, Alessandro Caioli, Chiara Sorace, Raffaella Lionetti, Eugenia Milozzi, Chiara Taibi, Ubaldo Visco Comandini, Fabrizio Maggi, Vincenzo Puro, Gianpiero D’Offizi Biomedicines.2023; 11(5): 1320. CrossRef
COVID‑19 vaccination in liver transplant recipients (Review) Aikaterini Gkoufa, Maria Saridaki, Vasiliki Georgakopoulou, Demetrios Spandidos, Evangelos Cholongitas Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Meta‐analysis of the immunogenicity of standard and booster SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in patients with chronic liver disease and post‐liver transplantation Wen‐Xin Wang, Jitao Wang, Rui Jia, Silvia Martini, Jiaye Liu, Yifei Huang, Fu‐Sheng Wang, Xiaolong Qi, Junliang Fu Portal Hypertension & Cirrhosis.2023; 2(2): 61. CrossRef
Mycophenolate Interruption Restores Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Immunogenicity in Unresponsive Liver Transplant Recipients Pierluigi Toniutto, Annarosa Cussigh, Sara Cmet, Martina Fabris, Francesco Curcio, Davide Bitetto, Ezio Fornasiere, Elisa Fumolo, Edmondo Falleti Vaccines.2023; 11(7): 1165. CrossRef
The vaccine-response in patients with cirrhosis after COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic analysis of 168,245 patients with cirrhosis Zheng Li, Yue Hu, Bingwen Zou Journal of Hepatology.2023; 79(4): e157. CrossRef
Research landscape on COVID-19 and liver dysfunction: A bibliometric analysis Sa'ed H Zyoud World Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 29(27): 4356. CrossRef
Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Immune Responses to COVID-19 Vaccination Among Recipients of Solid Organ Transplants Vijay Subramanian The Journal of Infectious Diseases.2023; 228(Supplement): S34. CrossRef
Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) and COVID-19 Infection: An Independent Predictor of Poor Disease Outcome? Vladimir Milivojević, Jelena Bogdanović, Ivana Babić, Nevena Todorović, Ivan Ranković Medicina.2023; 59(8): 1438. CrossRef
Antibiotic Use Prior to COVID-19 Vaccine Is Associated with Higher Risk of COVID-19 and Adverse Outcomes: A Propensity-Scored Matched Territory-Wide Cohort Ka Shing Cheung, Vincent K. C. Yan, Lok Ka Lam, Xuxiao Ye, Ivan F. N. Hung, Esther W. Chan, Wai K. Leung Vaccines.2023; 11(8): 1341. CrossRef
COVID-19 and Liver Disease: An Evolving Landscape Kai Zhu, Olivia Tsai, Daljeet Chahal, Trana Hussaini, Eric M. Yoshida Seminars in Liver Disease.2023; 43(03): 351. CrossRef
Factors influencing immunogenicity and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in liver transplantation recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis Xinyi Luo, Fabrice Yves Ndjana Lessomo, Zhimin Yu, Yong Xie Frontiers in Immunology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Humoral and Cellular Immunity in a Cohort of Vaccinated Solid Organ Transplant Recipients Bernardo Ayala-Borges, Miguel Escobedo, Natalia Egri, Sabina Herrera, Marta Crespo, Sonia Mirabet, Carlos Arias-Cabrales, Anna Vilella, Eduard Palou, María M. Mosquera, Mariona Pascal, Jordi Colmenero, Marta Farrero, Marta Bodro Vaccines.2023; 11(12): 1845. CrossRef
COVID-19 vaccine and hepatitis: A mini review Beuy Joob, Viroj Wiwanitkit Indian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology.2023; 37(2): 37. CrossRef
Background/Aims Studies of hepatic steatosis (HS) effect on COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity are lacking. We aimed to compare immunogenicity of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac among moderate/severe HS and control subjects.
Methods Two hundred ninety-five subjects who received BNT162b2 or CoronaVac vaccines from five vaccination centers were categorized into moderate/severe HS (controlled attenuation parameter ≥268 dB/m on transient elastography) (n=74) or control (n=221) groups. Primary outcomes were seroconversion rates of neutralising antibody by live virus Microneutralization (vMN) assay (titer ≥10) at day21 (BNT162b2) or day28 (CoronaVac) and day56 (both). Secondary outcome was highest-tier titer response (top 25% of vMN titer; cutoff: 160 [BNT162b2] and 20 [CoronaVac]) at day 56.
Results For BNT162b2 (n=228, 77.3%), there was no statistical differences in seroconversion rates (day21: 71.7% vs. 76.6%; day56: 100% vs. 100%) or vMN geometric mean titer (GMT) (day21: 13.2 vs. 13.3; day56: 91.9 vs. 101.4) among moderate/severe HS and control groups respectively. However, lower proportion of moderate/severe HS patients had highest-tier response (day56: 5.0% vs. 15.5%; P=0.037). For CoronaVac (n=67, 22.7%), there was no statistical differences in seroconversion rates (day21: 7.1% vs. 15.1%; day56: 64.3% vs. 83.0%) or vMN GMT (5.3 vs. 5.8,) at day28. However, moderate/severe HS patients had lower vMN GMT (9.1 vs. 14.8, P=0.021) at day 56 with lower proportion having highest-tier response (21.4% vs. 52.8%, P=0.036).
Conclusions While there was no difference in seroconversion rate between moderate/severe HS and control groups after two doses of vaccine, a lower proportion of moderate/severe HS patients achieved highest-tier response for either BNT162b2 or CoronaVac.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Gut microbiota is associated with persistence of longer-term BNT162b2 vaccine immunogenicity Ho Yu Ng, Yunshi Liao, Ching Lung Cheung, Ruiqi Zhang, Kwok Hung Chan, Wai-Kay Seto, Wai K. Leung, Ivan F. N. Hung, Tommy T. Y. Lam, Ka Shing Cheung Frontiers in Immunology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between Gut Microbiota Composition and Long-Term Vaccine Immunogenicity following Three Doses of CoronaVac Li-Na Zhang, Jing-Tong Tan, Ho-Yu Ng, Yun-Shi Liao, Rui-Qi Zhang, Kwok-Hung Chan, Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung, Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam, Ka-Shing Cheung Vaccines.2024; 12(4): 365. CrossRef
Effects of empagliflozin on liver fat in patients with metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease without diabetes mellitus: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Ka Shing Cheung, Ho Yu Ng, Rex Wan Hin Hui, Lok Ka Lam, Lung Yi Mak, Yuen Chi Ho, Jing Tong Tan, Esther W. Chan, Wai Kay Seto, Man Fung Yuen, Wai K. Leung Hepatology.2024; 80(4): 916. CrossRef
Proton pump inhibitors associated with severe COVID‐19 among two‐dose but not three‐dose vaccine recipients Ka Shing Cheung, Vincent K C Yan, Xuxiao Ye, Ivan F N Hung, Esther W Chan, Wai K Leung Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2024; 39(9): 1837. CrossRef
Effect of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease on BNT162b2 immunogenicity against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 omicron variant Lok Ka Lam, Jing Tong Tan, Poh Hwa Ooi, Ruiqi Zhang, Kwok Hung Chan, Xianhua Mao, Ivan F N Hung, Wai Kay Seto, Man Fung Yuen, Ka Shing Cheung Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2024; 39(11): 2386. CrossRef
Long-term antibody response after the third dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in MASLD patients Jin Cui, Lianbang Wang, Armin Ghavamian, Xuemei Li, Gongzheng Wang, Tao Wang, Min Huang, Qi Ru, Xinya Zhao BMC Gastroenterology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Correspondence on Letter regarding “COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity among chronic liver disease patients and liver transplant recipients: A meta-analysis” Ka Shing Cheung, Chiu Hang Mok, Wai Kay Seto, Man Fung Yuen Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2023; 29(1): 176. CrossRef
Association between Gut Microbiota and SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccine Immunogenicity Ho Yu Ng, Wai K. Leung, Ka Shing Cheung Microorganisms.2023; 11(2): 452. CrossRef
COVID-19 and MAFLD/NAFLD: An updated review Ali Nowroozi, Sara Momtazmanesh, Nima Rezaei Frontiers in Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of Moderate to Severe Hepatic Steatosis on Vaccine Immunogenicity against Wild-Type and Mutant Virus and COVID-19 Infection among BNT162b2 Recipients Ka Shing Cheung, Lok Ka Lam, Xianhua Mao, Jing Tong Tan, Poh Hwa Ooi, Ruiqi Zhang, Kwok Hung Chan, Ivan F. N. Hung, Wai Kay Seto, Man Fung Yuen Vaccines.2023; 11(3): 497. CrossRef
Research Progress of Novel Coronavirus Vac-cine in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease 露 王 Advances in Clinical Medicine.2023; 13(04): 6745. CrossRef
SARS-CoV-2 and the liver: clinical and immunological features in chronic liver disease Hendrik Luxenburger, Robert Thimme Gut.2023; 72(9): 1783. CrossRef
COVID-19 and Fatty Liver Disorders Maria Guarino, Valentina Cossiga, Francesco Cutolo, Maria Attanasio, Raffaele Lieto, Filomena Morisco Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(13): 4316. CrossRef
Antibiotic Use Prior to COVID-19 Vaccine Is Associated with Higher Risk of COVID-19 and Adverse Outcomes: A Propensity-Scored Matched Territory-Wide Cohort Ka Shing Cheung, Vincent K. C. Yan, Lok Ka Lam, Xuxiao Ye, Ivan F. N. Hung, Esther W. Chan, Wai K. Leung Vaccines.2023; 11(8): 1341. CrossRef
Immunogenicity of an mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccine among Adolescents with Obesity or Liver Transplants Chomchanat Tubjaroen, Sittichoke Prachuapthunyachart, Nattakoon Potjalongsilp, Pimpayao Sodsai, Nattiya Hirankarn, Peera Jaru-Ampornpan, Voranush Chongsrisawat Vaccines.2022; 10(11): 1867. CrossRef
First
Prev
