Clinical and Molecular Hepatology

"Yu Jun Wong"

Editorial

Risk stratification of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: The KASL pathway: Editorial on “Risk stratification by noninvasive tests in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease”: May Xuan Goh, Xin En Goh, Jarell Jie-Rae Tan, Vincent L Chen, Yu Jun Wong; Clin Mol Hepatol 2026;32(1):429-431.
Published online April 28, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2025.0420

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Correspondence to editorial on “Risk stratification by noninvasive tests in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease”
Hye Won Lee, Seung Up Kim
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2026; 32(1): e87. CrossRef

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Reply to Correspondence

Should direct-acting antiviral be considered for all patients with HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma?: Reply to correspondence on “Direct-acting antiviral therapy for patients with HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma: A nationwide cohort study”: Yan Ling Ong, Apichat Kaewdech, Yu Jun Wong; Clin Mol Hepatol 2026;32(1):e109-e111.
Published online March 13, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2025.0257

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Editorial

Editorial on “Direct-acting antiviral therapy for patients with HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma: A nationwide cohort study”: Yan Ling Ong, Apichat Kaewdech, Daniel Q Huang, Yu Jun Wong; Clin Mol Hepatol 2026;32(1):407-409.
Published online February 24, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2025.0174

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Emerging evidence supports direct-acting antiviral therapy for HCC patients beyond the early stage: Correspondence to editorial on “Direct-acting antiviral therapy for patients with HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma: A nationwide cohort study”
Teng-Yu Lee, Pei-Chien Tsai, Shou-Wu Lee, Ming-Lung Yu
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2026; 32(1): e68. CrossRef
Should direct-acting antiviral be considered for all patients with HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma?: Reply to correspondence on “Direct-acting antiviral therapy for patients with HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma: A nationwide cohort study”
Yan Ling Ong, Apichat Kaewdech, Yu Jun Wong
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2026; 32(1): e109. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and portal hypertension

Carvedilol to prevent hepatic decompensation of cirrhosis in patients with clinically significant portal hypertension stratified by new non-invasive model (CHESS2306): Chuan Liu, Hong You, Qing-Lei Zeng, Yu Jun Wong, Bingqiong Wang, Ivica Grgurevic, Chenghai Liu, Hyung Joon Yim, Wei Gou, Bingtian Dong, Shenghong Ju, Yanan Guo, Qian Yu, Masashi Hirooka, Hirayuki Enomoto, Amr Shaaban Hanafy, Zhujun Cao, Xiemin Dong, Jing LV, Tae Hyung Kim, Yohei Koizumi, Yoichi Hiasa, Takashi Nishimura, Hiroko Iijima, Chuanjun Xu, Erhei Dai, Xiaoling Lan, Changxiang Lai, Shirong Liu, Fang Wang, Ying Guo, Jiaojian Lv, Liting Zhang, Yuqing Wang, Qing Xie, Chuxiao Shao, Zhensheng Liu, Federico Ravaioli, Antonio Colecchia, Jie Li, Gao-Jun Teng, Xiaolong Qi; Clin Mol Hepatol 2025;31(1):105-118.
Published online July 11, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2024.0198

Backgrounds/Aims
Non-invasive models stratifying clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) are limited. Herein, we developed a new non-invasive model for predicting CSPH in patients with compensated cirrhosis and investigated whether carvedilol can prevent hepatic decompensation in patients with high-risk CSPH stratified using the new model.
Methods
Non-invasive risk factors of CSPH were identified via systematic review and meta-analysis of studies involving patients with hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG). A new non-invasive model was validated for various performance aspects in three cohorts, i.e., a multicenter HVPG cohort, a follow-up cohort, and a carvediloltreating cohort.
Results
In the meta-analysis with six studies (n=819), liver stiffness measurement and platelet count were identified as independent risk factors for CSPH and were used to develop the new “CSPH risk” model. In the HVPG cohort (n=151), the new model accurately predicted CSPH with cutoff values of 0 and –0.68 for ruling in and out CSPH, respectively. In the follow-up cohort (n=1,102), the cumulative incidences of decompensation events significantly differed using the cutoff values of <–0.68 (low-risk), –0.68 to 0 (medium-risk), and >0 (high-risk). In the carvediloltreated cohort, patients with high-risk CSPH treated with carvedilol (n=81) had lower rates of decompensation events than non-selective beta-blockers untreated patients with high-risk CSPH (n=613 before propensity score matching [PSM], n=162 after PSM).
Conclusions
Treatment with carvedilol significantly reduces the risk of hepatic decompensation in patients with high-risk CSPH stratified by the new model.

Citations

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Endoscopic variceal ligation combined with carvedilol versus endoscopic variceal ligation combined with propranolol for the treatment of oesophageal variceal bleeding in cirrhosis: study protocol for a multicentre, randomised controlled trial
Yiling Li, Li Du, Shuairan Zhang, Chuan Liu, Chao Ma, Xiaochao Liu, Huanhai Xu, Zhixu Fan, Shengjuan Hu, Jing Wang, Lichun Shao, Lijun Peng, Huiling Xiang, Xuan Liang, Wenhui Zhang, Hongyun Zhao, Pengyuan He, Jingyi Xu, Qianlong Li, Ling Yang, Yunhai Wu,
BMJ Open.2025; 15(4): e093866. CrossRef
Relative change rate of liver stiffness measurements predicts the risk of liver decompensation in compensated advanced chronic liver disease
Yanqiu Li, Zihang Qiao, Jinze Li, Bingbing Zhu, Yu Lu, Ying Feng, Xianbo Wang
Clinical and Experimental Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Revolutionising portal hypertension diagnosis: the rise of non-invasive techniques in liver cirrhosis
Bocheng Gao, Yumeng Lin, Huimin Zhang, Yulin Li, Shuhua Gou, Peiling Ma, Xueni Zhao, Yue Zhou, Qian Chen, Lan Yuan, Zhongyu Han, Chang Yu
Frontiers in Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Editorial: Non‐selective beta‐blockers: A lifesaving shield for critically ill patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis?
Ling Yang, Chuan Liu, Jimmy Che‐To Lai, Xiaolong Qi
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2024; 60(7): 965. CrossRef

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Viral hepatitis

Impact of fatty liver on long-term outcomes in chronic hepatitis B: a systematic review and matched analysis of individual patient data meta-analysis: Yu Jun Wong, Vy H. Nguyen, Hwai-I Yang, Jie Li, Michael Huan Le, Wan-Jung Wu, Nicole Xinrong Han, Khi Yung Fong, Elizebeth Chen, Connie Wong, Fajuan Rui, Xiaoming Xu, Qi Xue, Xin Yu Hu, Wei Qiang Leow, George Boon-Bee Goh, Ramsey Cheung, Grace Wong, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Ming-Whei Yu, Mindie H. Nguyen; Clin Mol Hepatol 2023;29(3):705-720.
Published online May 8, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2023.0004

Background/Aims
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and fatty liver (FL) often co-exist, but natural history data of this dual condition (CHB-FL) are sparse. Via a systematic review, conventional meta-analysis (MA) and individual patient-level data MA (IPDMA), we compared liver-related outcomes and mortality between CHB-FL and CHB-no FL patients.
Methods
We searched 4 databases from inception to December 2021 and pooled study-level estimates using a random- effects model for conventional MA. For IPDMA, we evaluated outcomes after balancing the two study groups with inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) on age, sex, cirrhosis, diabetes, ALT, HBeAg, HBV DNA, and antiviral treatment.
Results
We screened 2,157 articles and included 19 eligible studies (17,955 patients: 11,908 CHB-no FL; 6,047 CHB-FL) in conventional MA, which found severe heterogeneity (I2=88–95%) and no significant differences in HCC, cirrhosis, mortality, or HBsAg seroclearance incidence (P=0.27–0.93). IPDMA included 13,262 patients: 8,625 CHB-no FL and 4,637 CHB-FL patients who differed in several characteristics. The IPTW cohort included 6,955 CHB-no FL and 3,346 CHB-FL well-matched patients. CHB-FL patients (vs. CHB-no FL) had significantly lower HCC, cirrhosis, mortality and higher HBsAg seroclearance incidence (all p≤0.002), with consistent results in subgroups. CHB-FL diagnosed by liver biopsy had a higher 10-year cumulative HCC incidence than CHB-FL diagnosed with non-invasive methods (63.6% vs. 4.3%, p<0.0001).
Conclusions
IPDMA data with well-matched CHB patient groups showed that FL (vs. no FL) was associated with significantly lower HCC, cirrhosis, and mortality risk and higher HBsAg seroclearance probability.

Citations

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Correspondence

Viral hepatitis

Correspondence on Editorial regarding “Baveno-VII criteria to predict decompensation and initiate non-selective beta-blocker in compensated advanced chronic liver disease patients”: Yu Jun Wong, Sanchit Sharma, Giulia Tosetti, Xiaolong Qi, Massimo Primignani; Clin Mol Hepatol 2023;29(1):188-190.
Published online November 22, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2022.0408

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Original Articles

Liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and portal hypertension

Baveno-VII criteria to predict decompensation and initiate non-selective beta-blocker in compensated advanced chronic liver disease patients: Yu Jun Wong, Chen Zhaojin, Guilia Tosetti, Elisabetta Degasperi, Sanchit Sharma, Samagra Agarwal, Liu Chuan, Chan Yiong Huak, Li Jia, Qi Xiaolong, Anoop Saraya, Massimo Primignani; Clin Mol Hepatol 2023;29(1):135-145.
Published online September 5, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2022.0181

Background/Aims
The utility of Baveno-VII criteria of clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) to predict decompensation in compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) patient needs validation. We aim to validate the performance of CSPH criteria to predict the risk of decompensation in an international real-world cohort of cACLD patients.
Methods
cACLD patients were stratified into three categories (CSPH excluded, grey zone, and CSPH). The risks of decompensation across different CSPH categories were estimated using competing risk regression for clustered data, with death and hepatocellular carcinoma as competing events. The performance of “treating definite CSPH” strategy to prevent decompensation using non-selective beta-blocker (NSBB) was compared against other strategies in decision curve analysis.
Results
One thousand one hundred fifty-nine cACLD patients (36.8% had CSPH) were included; 7.2% experienced decompensation over a median follow-up of 40 months. Non-invasive assessment of CSPH predicts a 5-fold higher risk of liver decompensation in cACLD patients (subdistribution hazard ratio, 5.5; 95% confidence interval, 4.0–7.4). “Probable CSPH” is suboptimal to predict decompensation risk in cACLD patients. CSPH exclusion criteria reliably exclude cACLD patients at risk of decompensation, regardless of etiology. Among the grey zone, the decompensation risk was negligible among viral-related cACLD, but was substantially higher among the non-viral cACLD group. Decision curve analysis showed that “treating definite CSPH” strategy is superior to “treating all varices” or “treating probable CSPH” strategy to prevent decompensation using NSBB.
Conclusions
Non-invasive assessment of CSPH may stratify decompensation risk and the need for NSBB in cACLD patients.

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Viral hepatitis

The impact of unrestricted access to direct-acting antiviral among incarcerated hepatitis C virus-infected patients: Yu Jun Wong, Prem Harichander Thurairajah, Rahul Kumar, Kwong Ming Fock, Ngai Moh Law, Sin-Yoong Chong, Fria Gloriba Manejero, Tiing-Leong Ang, Eng Kiong Teo, Jessica Tan; Clin Mol Hepatol 2021;27(3):474-485.
Published online February 19, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2021.0015

Background/Aims
Despite the disproportionally high prevalence rates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) amongst the incarcerated population, eradication remains challenging due to logistic and financial barriers. Although treatment prioritization based on disease severity is commonly practiced, the efficacy of such approach remained uncertain. We aimed to compare the impact of unrestricted access to direct-acting antiviral (DAA) among incarcerated HCV-infected patients in Singapore.
Methods
In this retrospective study, we reviewed all incarcerated HCV-infected patients treated in our hospital during the restricted DAA era (2013–2018) and unrestricted DAA access era (2019). Study outcomes included the rate of sustained virological response (SVR), treatment completion and treatment default. Subgroup analysis was performed based on the presence of liver cirrhosis, HCV genotype and HCV treatment types.
Results
A total of 1,001 HCV patients was followed-up for 1,489 person-year. They were predominantly male (93%) with genotype-3 HCV infection (71%), and 38% were cirrhotic. The overall SVR during the restricted DAA access era and unrestricted DAA access era were 92.1% and 99.1%, respectively. Unrestricted access to DAA exponentially improved the treatment access among HCV-infected patients by 460%, resulting in a higher SVR rate (99% vs. 92%, P=0.003), higher treatment completion rate (99% vs. 93%, P<0.001) and lower treatment default rate (1% vs. 9%, P<0.001).
Conclusion
In this large cohort of incarcerated HCV-infected patients, we demonstrated that unrestricted access to DAA is an impactful strategy to allow rapid treatment up-scale in HCV micro-elimination.

Citations

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Baveno-VII criteria to predict decompensation and initiate non-selective beta-blocker in compensated advanced chronic liver disease patients
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Letter to the editor

Viral hepatitis

VIEKIRA PAK associated drug-induced interstitial lung disease: Case series with systematic review of literature: Yu Jun Wong, Si Yuan Chew, John Chen Hsiang, Prem Harichander Thurairajah, Rahul Kumar, Eng Kiong Teo, Roshni Sadashiv Gokhale, Imran Bin Mohamed Noor, Jessica Tan; Clin Mol Hepatol 2019;25(2):218-222.
Published online September 6, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2018.0017

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