Background/Aims Oral anticoagulants may reduce risk of hepatic decompensation in patients with compensated cirrhosis, but well-powered randomized trials are missing. We aimed to estimate the effect of oral anticoagulants on risk of hepatic decompensation and major bleeding in patients with compensated cirrhosis and atrial fibrillation.
Methods Observational data from Swedish healthcare registers 2011-2022 were used to emulate a target trial of oral anticoagulants in patients with compensated cirrhosis and newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation. Inverse-probability weighted marginal structural models were used to compare 5-year risks of hepatic decompensation and non-portal hypertension-related major bleeding in initiators versus non-initiators of oral anticoagulants.
Results The study included 1,160 patients (715 men [61.6%]; median [p25-p75] age of 73 years [67-79]). The 5-year risk of hepatic decompensation was 10.4% (33/383) in initiators and 16.6% (112/777) in non-initiators (risk ratio [RR]=0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.33-0.92), corresponding to a number needed to treat of 17 (95%CI=9-112). The risk reduction was primarily driven by a reduced risk of ascites (RR=0.58, 95%CI=0.26-0.90). The risk of major bleeding was 19.0% (63/383) in initiators and 19.8% (149/777) in non-initiators (RR=0.96, 95%CI=0.64-1.28). Risks were similar between treatment groups regarding fatal, intracranial, gastrointestinal, and other bleedings.
Conclusions In this nationwide observational study, patients with compensated cirrhosis and atrial fibrillation who initiated oral anticoagulants had lower risk of hepatic decompensation, and similar risk of major bleeding compared to non-initiators. The results suggest oral anticoagulants are safe in patients with compensated cirrhosis and may improve prognosis. Randomized trials are warranted to confirm these results.
Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is characterized by the formation of a thrombus (blood clot) within the portal vein system, including main portal vein and its intrahepatic portal vein branches, and may extend to the superior mesenteric vein or splenic vein. The emergence of PVT is linked to diverse risk factors, encompassing liver conditions with cirrhosis, abdominal infections, previous abdominal surgeries, malignancies, inherited or acquired thrombophilias, and systemic hypercoagulable conditions. Recent studies revealed a possible connection between the occurrence of PVT and either contracting corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or receiving a COVID-19 vaccination. Current treatment strategies were primarily based on symptom management, extent, and progression of thrombosis, but their efficacy was inconsistent and suboptimal. Untimely or inadequate treatment can lead to the progression of the thrombus and increase the risk of complications, such as portal hypertension, variceal bleeding, and hepatic decompensation, posing a significant risk to the patient’s life. Thus, early and appropriate initiation of pharmacologic and interventional treatments, as well as more aggressive strategies, is crucial for the management and prevention of PVT progression and recurrence. This review focuses on the literature on the recent advancements in the treatment of PVT using various therapeutic modalities, including anticoagulant therapy, thrombolysis, thrombectomy, interventional therapy and liver transplant in cirrhotic patients. In addition, we discuss pearls and pitfalls of these strategies for PVT, highlighting recent progress, identifying knowledge gaps, and proposing avenues towards precision management.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Gastrointestinal bleeding risk in cirrhotic portal vein thrombosis: focus on thrombus extension to superior mesenteric vein Sa Lv, Hui Feng, Tianjiao Xu, Hua Tian, Haibo Wang, Dongze Li, Shaoli You, Bing Zhu BMC Gastroenterology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Letter: Beyond Survival Benefit in CHANCE2311—Important Considerations in the Interpretation of TACE Combined With Immunotherapy in Advanced HCC Yinghan Chen, Caiyun Lu, Yucheng Xu, Zhidong Zang Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2026; 64(5): 701. CrossRef
Risk factors and predictive model for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt dysfunction in cirrhotic patients Yongbing Zhao, Tingwei Xiong, Sijie Hu, Hao Zhou, En Liu, Zhengguo Xu, Rui Xie European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2026; 38(8): 977. CrossRef
Trends in MASLD-related cirrhosis and liver cancer across diverse populations, 2010–2023 Jialin Wu, Bonan Chen, Fuda Xie, Jiahui Hu, Mingyu Liang, Yang Lyu, Peiyao Yu, Tiejun Feng, Muyang Huang, Canbin Fang, Ka Fai To, Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip, Xingxin Wang, Wei Kang Hepatology International.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Mechanical Thrombectomy and Shunt Embolization to Manage Gastric Variceal Bleeding with Acute Portal Vein Thrombosis Nikhil Shankar, Avinash Bhat Balekuduru, Indushekar Subbanna, Manoj Kumar Sahu Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy Practice.2026; 6(3): 101. CrossRef
Acute portal vein thrombosis in an elderly man with
homozygous mutations of plasminogen activator
inhibitor-1 and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
genes Junxiu Chen, Haonan Zhao, Shengye Yang, Huiyuan Lu, Xingshun Qi Archives of Medical Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Prediction of bowel resection due to bowel necrosis in recent portal vein thrombosis based on CT presentations and clinical data Junyang Luo, Junwei Chen, Hua Tang, Jialin Wu, Xiaohong Wang, Zaibo Jiang, Jie Qin BMC Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Long-term patency of the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for portal and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis Junyang Luo, Churen Zhou, Yanyang Zhang, Haofan Wang, Caiyun Lu, Jialin Wu, Jie Qin, Zaibo Jiang, Junwei Chen Thrombosis Journal.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The liver plays a crucial role in coagulation cascade. Global hemostatic process is profoundly influenced by the presence of liver disease and its complications. Patients with cirrhosis have impaired synthesis of most of the factors involved in coagulation and fibrinolysis process due to a reduced liver function and altered platelet count secondary to portal hypertension. Altered routine tests and thrombocytopenia were considered in the past as associated with increased risk of bleeding. These concepts explain both the routine use of plasma and/or platelets transfusion in patients with liver cirrhosis, especially before invasive procedures, and why these patients were considered “auto-anticoagulated”. New recent evidences show that patients with liver cirrhosis have a more complex hemostatic alteration. Despite the presence of altered levels of factors involved in primary hemostasis, coagulation and fibrinolysis, patients with stable cirrhosis have a rebalanced hemostatic, which however can easily be altered by decompensation or infection, both in hemorrhagic or thrombotic direction. Patients with cirrhosis have an increased risk of venous thrombotic events (namely portal vein thrombosis) while bleeding seems to be related to the grade of portal hypertension rather than to a hemostatic imbalance. The use of anticoagulants both as treatment or prophylaxis is safe, reduces the rate of portal vein thrombosis and decompensation, and improves survival. Standard laboratory coagulation tests are unable to predict bleeding and are inadequate for the assessment of hemostatic status in these patients, hence more comprehensive tests are required to guide the management of thrombotic and bleeding complications.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Clinical and in-hospital outcomes of alcohol-related pancreatitis in the setting of concomitant alcohol-related hepatitis: A retrospective cohort study Adham Obeidat, Abdalrahman Sallam, Christopher Chang The American Journal of the Medical Sciences.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Microvesicle Tissue Factor Procoagulant Activity Is Elevated and Correlated With Disease Severity in Patients With Cirrhosis Adonis A. Protopapas, Anna Takardaki, Nefeli Protopapa, Ioanna Papagiouvanni, Andreas N. Protopapas, Lemonia Skoura, Christos Savopoulos, Ioannis Goulis Liver International.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Current Status and Future Directions in the Pharmacologic Management of Cirrhosis Chalermrat Bunchorntavakul, K. Rajender Reddy Clinics in Liver Disease.2025; 29(4): 657. CrossRef
Thromboelastography for the evaluation of coagulation function in patients with hepatic echinococcosis during the perioperative period: a retrospective study Xing Zheng, Li Yuan, Bingxian Wang, Genkui Li, Jing Wang, Jide A, Zongzhao He Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
THROMBOTIC COMPLICATIONS AFTER PORTO-AZYGOS DISCONNECTION IN PATIENTS WITH BLEEDING FROM ESOPHAGEAL-GASTRIC VARICES Diana V. Rudyk, Mykola I. Tutchenko, Mykola S. Besedinskyi, Yurii V. Nerushchenko, Andrii V. Lovin, Natalia I. Iskra, Georgiy G. Roshchin, Oleksandr O. Dyrda Clinical and Preventive Medicine.2025; (8): 35. CrossRef
Diagnosis and Therapy of Visceral Vein Thrombosis: An Update Based on the Revised AWMF S2k Guideline Katja S. Mühlberg Hämostaseologie.2024; 44(02): 135. CrossRef
Direct oral anticoagulants in cirrhosis: Rationale and current evidence Cindy Pereira Portela, Lucas A. Gautier, Maxime G. Zermatten, Montserrat Fraga, Darius Moradpour, Debora Bertaggia Calderara, Alessandro Aliotta, Lucas Veuthey, Andrea De Gottardi, Guido Stirnimann, Lorenzo Alberio JHEP Reports.2024; 6(8): 101116. CrossRef
Viscoelastic Hemostatic Testing as a Diagnostic Tool for Hypercoagulability in Liver Transplantation: A Narrative Review Khaled Ahmed Yassen, Dur I Shahwar, Aqeel Qasem Alrasasi, Feras Aldandan, Danah Sami Alali, Maryam Yousef Almuslem, Nouran Hassanein, Imtiyaz Khan, Klaus Görlinger Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(20): 6279. CrossRef
Predictors of Bleeding Events in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Patients with Antithrombotic Therapy: AURORA Study Shodai Kawanami, Yasuyuki Egami, Hiroki Sugae, Kohei Ukita, Akito Kawamura, Hitoshi Nakamura, Yutaka Matsuhiro, Koji Yasumoto, Masaki Tsuda, Naotaka Okamoto, Yasuharu Matsunaga-Lee, Masamichi Yano, Masami Nishino, Jun Tanouchi ESC Heart Failure.2023; 10(2): 1114. CrossRef
Evolution of care in cirrhosis: Preventing hepatic decompensation through pharmacotherapy Seohyuk Lee, Saad Saffo World Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 29(1): 61. CrossRef
Emerging Therapeutic Targets for Portal Hypertension Eric Felli, Yelidousi Nulan, Sonia Selicean, Cong Wang, Jordi Gracia-Sancho, Jaume Bosch Current Hepatology Reports.2023; 22(1): 51. CrossRef
Oral Anticoagulation in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease Raluca S. Costache, Andreea S. Dragomirică, Bogdan E. Gheorghe, Vasile D. Balaban, Silviu M. Stanciu, Mariana Jinga, Daniel O. Costache Medicina.2023; 59(2): 346. CrossRef
Advance of New Oral Anticoagulants in the Treatment of Portal Vein Thrombosis in Cir-rhosis 好男 周 Advances in Clinical Medicine.2023; 13(03): 3788. CrossRef
Optimization of anticoagulant therapy in patients undergoing mechanical heart valve replacement S. A. Tkachenko, D. A. Astapov, A. V. Bogachev-Prokofiev, A. S. Zalesov, A. N. Pivkin, A. G. Makaev, Kh. A. Agaeva, R. M. Sharifulin Fundamental and Clinical Medicine.2023; 8(3): 131. CrossRef
Comparison of the efficacy and safety between rivaroxaban and dabigatran in the treatment of acute portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis Haonan Zhou, Mingdong Wu, Shixiong Yu, Han Xia, Wu Yu, Kai Huang, Yikuan Chen BMC Gastroenterology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
mTOR-dependent loss of PON1 secretion and antiphospholipid autoantibody production underlie autoimmunity-mediated cirrhosis in transaldolase deficiency T. Winans, Z. Oaks, G. Choudhary, A. Patel, N. Huang, T. Faludi, D. Krakko, J. Nolan, J. Lewis, Sarah Blair, Z. Lai, S.K. Landas, F. Middleton, J.M. Asara, S.K. Chung, B. Wyman, P. Azadi, K. Banki, A. Perl Journal of Autoimmunity.2023; 140: 103112. CrossRef
Liver status and outcomes in patients without previous known liver disease receiving anticoagulant therapy for venous thromboembolism Diego Martínez-Urbistondo, Rocío G. de la Garza, Paula Villares-Fernández, Carme Font, Sebastian Schellong, Juan José López-Núñez, Aída Gil-Díaz, María del Carmen Díaz-Pedroche, Jana Hirmerova, Manuel Monreal, MD Adarraga, J Aibar, J Alonso, C Amado, JI A Internal and Emergency Medicine.2022; 17(3): 725. CrossRef
Trastornos de la coagulación en cirrosis hepática: artículo de revisión Esteban González-Domínguez, Diego Córdova, Paula Abad, Eduardo González, Camila González, Juan José Cordero Hepatología.2022; : 13. CrossRef
Retrospective evaluation of early thrombosis in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic polytetrafluoroethylene-coated shunts under 2-day postinterventional heparinization Holger Goessmann, Verna Schuffenhauer, Arne Kandulski, Kilian Weigand, Ernst-Michael Jung, Wibke Uller, Gregor Scharf, Cristian Stroszczynski, Niklas Verloh Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Anticoagulation after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for portal hypertension: A systematic review and meta analysis Pan Jiao, Xu-Ying Chen, Hong-Yan Zheng, Jia Qin, Chao Li, Xiao-Lin Zhang Medicine.2022; 101(26): e29742. CrossRef
Characteristics of myeloproliferative neoplasm-associated portal hypertension and endoscopic management of variceal bleeding Xiaoquan Huang, Ming Zhang, Yingjie Ai, Siyu Jiang, Mei Xiao, Lifen Wang, Yourong Jian, Yuzheng Zhuge, Chunqing Zhang, Shiyao Chen Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Portal Interventions in the Setting of Venous Thrombosis or Occlusion Aliaksei Salei, Husameddin El Khudari, Benjamin J. McCafferty, Rakesh K. Varma RadioGraphics.2022; 42(6): 1690. CrossRef
Localized inhibition of platelets and platelet derived growth factor by a matrix targeted glycan mimetic significantly attenuates liver fibrosis Harsha Kabra, Tanaya Walimbe, Kate Stuart, Camille Indey, Swati Jalgaonkar, Elvis Ikwa, Taylor Skurnac, Julia Chen, Andrew Woolley, Nicholas M. Snead, Nathan Bachtell, Diana J. Leeming, Morten Karsdal, Glenn Prestwich, Alyssa Panitch, John Paderi Biomaterials.2021; 269: 120538. CrossRef
NAFLD and Cardiovascular Diseases: Epidemiological, Mechanistic and Therapeutic Considerations David Niederseer, Bernhard Wernly, Elmar Aigner, Felix Stickel, Christian Datz Journal of Clinical Medicine.2021; 10(3): 467. CrossRef
Safety of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with advanced liver disease Georg Semmler, Katharina Pomej, David J. M. Bauer, Lorenz Balcar, Benedikt Simbrunner, Teresa Binter, Lukas Hartl, Jeannette Becker, Matthias Pinter, Peter Quehenberger, Michael Trauner, Mattias Mandorfer, Ton Lisman, Thomas Reiberger, Bernhard Scheiner Liver International.2021; 41(9): 2159. CrossRef
Evolution of views and modern concepts of the state of the hemostasis system in liver cirrhosis S. A. Aliyev, E. S. Aliyev Annaly khirurgicheskoy gepatologii = Annals of HPB Surgery.2021; 26(1): 107. CrossRef
Portal vein thrombosis associated with high 14-day and 6-week rebleeding in patients after oesophageal variceal band ligation: a retrospective, multicentre, nested case–control study Zhanjuan Gao, Jingrun Zhao, Xiaofeng Liu, Senlin Li, Minghui Wang, Yanjing Gao Hepatology International.2021; 15(5): 1183. CrossRef
Viscoelastic tests in liver disease: where do we stand now? Alina Buliarca, Adelina Horhat, Tudor Mocan, Rares Craciun, Bogdan Procopet, Zeno Sparchez World Journal of Gastroenterology.2021; 27(23): 3290. CrossRef
Heparins have adequate ex vivo anticoagulant effects in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis Bente P. van den Boom, Fien A. von Meijenfeldt, Jelle Adelmeijer, Lara N. Roberts, William Bernal, Ton Lisman Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis.2021; 19(6): 1472. CrossRef
Portal vein thrombosis in hepatitis C virus-related cirrhotic patients: Prevalence and clinical characteristics in an Egyptian cohort Omkolsoum Alhaddad, Maha Elsabaawy, Omar Elshaaraawy, Mohamed Elhalawany, Mohamed Mohamed Houseni, Eman Abdelsameea Tropical Doctor.2021; 51(3): 314. CrossRef
Topical Issues in Diagnosis of Coagulopathies and Prevention of Thromboembolic Complications of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis Volodymyr Chernyavsky, Alina Baylo Family medicine.2021; (5-6): 59. CrossRef
Immunological measurement of aspartate/alanine aminotransferase in predicting liver fibrosis and inflammation Hyun Jeong Kim, Sang Yeol Kim, Suk Pyo Shin, Young Joo Yang, Chang Seok Bang, Gwang Ho Baik, Dong Joon Kim, Young Lim Ham, Eui Yul Choi, Ki Tae Suk The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2020; 35(2): 320. CrossRef
Clinical characteristics of portal hypertension complicated by gastroesophageal varices in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms Jaejun Lee, Pil Soo Sung, Ki-Seong Eom, Hyun Yang, Soon Kyu Lee, Aung Hlaing Bwa, Angelo Lozada, Jeong Won Jang, Si Hyun Bae, Jong Young Choi, Seung Kew Yoon Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2020; 26(1): 78. CrossRef
What's new in portal hypertension? Ezequiel Mauro, Adrián Gadano Liver International.2020; 40(S1): 122. CrossRef
Nationwide cohort study of outcomes of acute myocardial infarction in patients with liver cirrhosis Victor Chien-Chia Wu, Shao-Wei Chen, An-Hsun Chou, Michael Wu, Pei-Chi Ting, Shang-Hung Chang, Chao-Yung Wang, Ming-Shyan Lin, Kuo-Chun Hung, I-Chang Hsieh, Pao-Hsien Chu, Cheng-Shyong Wu, Yu-Sheng Lin Medicine.2020; 99(12): e19575. CrossRef
Novel therapeutics for portal hypertension and fibrosis in chronic liver disease Sergi Guixé-Muntet, Chang-Peng Zhu, Wei-Fen Xie, Jordi Gracia-Sancho Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2020; 215: 107626. CrossRef
New Insights into the Pathogenesis, Risk Factors, and Treatment of Portal Vein Thrombosis in Patients with Cirrhosis Oana Nicoară-Farcău, Guillem Soy, Marta Magaz, Anna Baiges, Fanny Turon, Angeles Garcia-Criado, Marta Barrufet, Marta Burrel, Virginia Hernández-Gea, Juan Carlos García-Pagán Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis.2020; 46(06): 673. CrossRef
Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease Saro Khemichian, Norah A. Terrault Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis.2020; 46(06): 682. CrossRef
Effects of Anticoagulants on Experimental Models of Established Chronic Liver Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Rui Zhang, Xiaoquan Huang, Yingyi Jiang, Jian Wang, Shiyao Chen, Alessandro Granito Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2020; 2020: 1. CrossRef
Хирургическое лечение осложненных форм цирроза печени: современные представления и перспективы (обзор литературы) Роман Николаевич Канцуров , Наталия Германовна Сапронова , Элеонора Владимировна Светова , Денис Сергеевич Калинин , Дмитрий Вячеславович Стагниев , Михаил Юрьевич Кострыкин Естественные и Технические Науки.2020; (№11): 169. CrossRef
The multifaceted role of fibrinogen in tissue injury and inflammation James P. Luyendyk, Jonathan G. Schoenecker, Matthew J. Flick Blood.2019; 133(6): 511. CrossRef
Current and future pharmacological therapies for managing cirrhosis and its complications David Kockerling, Rooshi Nathwani, Roberta Forlano, Pinelopi Manousou, Benjamin H Mullish, Ameet Dhar World Journal of Gastroenterology.2019; 25(8): 888. CrossRef
Fibrinolytic Shutdown Is Associated With Intraoperative Thrombosis and Hemorrhage During Visceral Transplant Yehuda Raveh, Fouad Souki, Joshua Livingstone, Thiago Beduschi, Rodrigo Vianna, Yiliam Rodriguez, Ramona Nicolau-Raducu Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia.2019; 23(3): 300. CrossRef
Anticoagulation in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis (Literature Review) E. S. Eniseeva Acta Biomedica Scientifica (East Siberian Biomedical Journal).2019; 4(2): 23. CrossRef
Safety of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis K Lapumnuaypol, C DiMaria, T Chiasakul QJM: An International Journal of Medicine.2019; 112(8): 605. CrossRef
Efficacy of a strict surveillance policy towards inappropriateness of plasma transfusion Ivo Beverina, Chiara Novelli, Arianna Gatti, Alessandro Aloni, Chiara Grassi, Stefania Latella, Rita Scalvini, Cinzia Gatti, Bruno Brando Transfusion and Apheresis Science.2019; 58(4): 423. CrossRef
Pharmacologic Management of Portal Hypertension Chalermrat Bunchorntavakul, K. Rajender Reddy Clinics in Liver Disease.2019; 23(4): 713. CrossRef
Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction Are at Risk of Gastrointestinal Bleeding Lore Schrutka, Benjamin Seirer, Franz Duca, Christina Binder, Daniel Dalos, Andreas Kammerlander, Stefan Aschauer, Lorenz Koller, Alberto Benazzo, Asan Agibetov, Marianne Gwechenberger, Christian Hengstenberg, Julia Mascherbauer, Diana Bonderman Journal of Clinical Medicine.2019; 8(8): 1240. CrossRef
Inherited thrombophilia and portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis Steven D. Ma, Jennifer Wang, Dmitri Bezinover, Zakiyah Kadry, Patrick G. Northup, Jonathan G. Stine Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis.2019; 3(4): 658. CrossRef
Liver Diseases and the Hemostasis (Rewiew) Part 1. Non-Cholestatic Diseases of the Liver and Hemostasis V. I. Reshetnyak, I. V. Maev, T. M. Reshetnyak, S. V. Zhuravel, V. M. Pisarev General Reanimatology.2019; 15(5): 74. CrossRef
Fibrinolysis Shutdown Is Associated With Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Complications and Poorer Outcomes After Liver Transplantation Ramona Nicolau‐Raducu, Thiago Beduschi, Rodrigo Vianna, Christian Diez, Mahmoud Sleem, Bhavna P. Singh, Georgia Vasileiou, Yehuda Raveh Liver Transplantation.2019; 25(3): 380. CrossRef
Role of the blood coagulation cascade in hepatic fibrosis Asmita Pant, Anna K. Kopec, James P. Luyendyk American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology.2018; 315(2): G171. CrossRef
Hypercoagulability in End-stage Liver Disease: Review of Epidemiology, Etiology, and Management Thomas A. Verbeek, Jonathan G. Stine, Fuat H. Saner, Dmitri Bezinover Transplantation Direct.2018; 4(11): e403. CrossRef
Alternatively spliced tissue factor levels are elevated in the plasma of patients with chronic liver diseases Nathalie I. Caversaccio, Maria D. Reina Caro, Raja Prince, Martin Müller, Clayton S. Lewis, Vladimir Y. Bogdanov, Jean-François Dufour, Anne Angelillo-Scherrer European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2018; 30(12): 1470. CrossRef
ANTIVIRAL AND ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY IN A POLYMORBID PATIENT WITH CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS C. TACTICS OF MANAGEMENT, FEATURES OF DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS V.A. Volovnikova, E.N. Zinovieva Juvenis Scientia.2018; (10): 9. CrossRef
Perioperatives Management bei Patienten mit Leberzirrhose J. Rädle, C. Mönch Der Gastroenterologe.2017; 12(6): 464. CrossRef
First
Prev
