Reply to correspondence on “Comparative risk of fibrosis progression with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 vs. dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus with low-to-intermediat Yang-Hsiang Lin, Ching-Chih Hu, Chih-Lang Lin Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2026; 32(3): e434. CrossRef
Correspondence to editorial on “Comparative risk of fibrosis progression with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 vs. dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus with low-to-interme Jonggi Choi, Raymond T. Chung Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2026; 32(3): e372. CrossRef
Non-invasive Risk-based Surveillance Strategy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease Ji Won Han The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2026; 86(1): 62. CrossRef
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease, with a global prevalence estimated at approximately 25%. NAFLD is also the leading cause of liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and death. Additionally, the risk of cardiovascular disease increases with greater NAFLD severity. The liver- and cardiovascular disease-related mortality incident rate ratios among the NAFLD population were 0.77 and 4.79 per 1,000 person-years, respectively. We intend to discuss the risk factors associated with NAFLD in terms of development and progression. Obesity or higher body mass index is closely associated with NAFLD in a dose-dependent manner, but growing evidence suggests that central obesity plays a more important role in the development of NAFLD. Saturated fat and fructose have been reported to be closely related to NAFLD. Fructose intake promotes lipogenesis and impairs mitochondria fat oxidation. The presence of type 2 diabetes is the most powerful predictive risk factor for hepatic fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. Single nucleotide polymorphism is not only associated with the prevalence of NAFLD but also associated with increased liver disease mortality. Obstructive sleep apnea, intestinal dysbiosis, and sarcopenia are associated with the development of NAFLD
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Background/Aims Fatty liver is a clinical and pathologic condition in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of different exercise modalities on non-alcoholic fatty liver indices (fatty liver index [FLI], lipid accumulation product [LAP], hepatic steatosis index [HSI], and Framingham Steatosis Index [FSI]) in women with T2D.
Methods Fifty-two women with T2D and a mean age of 55.07±5.92 yrs, body mass index (BMI) 28.94±4.09 kg/m2 , and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 9.41±0.82% were randomized to a sprint interval training (SIT) (n=17), combined aerobic and resistance (A+R) training (n=17), or control group (n=18) for 10 weeks. Two-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to find differences between groups and the effects of time and Time×Group interactions after 10 weeks on non-alcoholic fatty liver indices. After this, ANOVA models were constructed to determine the effects of group allocation and change in non-alcoholic fatty liver indices.
Results There were significant time interactions for FLI (P<0.001), HSI (P<0.001), and LAP (P<0.001). Also, there were significant Time×Group interactions for fasting blood glucose (P=0.034), and HbA1c (P=0.006).
Conclusions Results highlight that exercise training, independent of mode of training, is an effective strategy to improve some indices related to hepatic steatosis and blood glucose profiles in women with T2D.
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Characteristics of High-Intensity Interval Training Influence Anthropometrics, Glycemic Control, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Edgardo Opazo-Díaz, Adrián Montes-de-Oca-García, Alejandro Galán-Mercant, Alberto Marín-Galindo, Juan Corral-Pérez, Jesús Gustavo Ponce-González Sports Medicine.2024; 54(12): 3127. CrossRef
Comparative efficacy of exercise training processes in improving nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis Xue Yu, Yan Wang, Jianming Lai, Ting Song, Jianping Duan Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -).2023; 192(1): 131. CrossRef
Effects of Aerobic Exercise Combined with Berberine Chloride Hydrate Supplementation on the Mitochondrial Biogenesis of Cardiac Muscles in Diabetic Male Rats Elham Mehrpuya, Saeed Keshavarz, Ebrahim Banitalebi, Hasan Naghizadeh, Javad Ramezani Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Physical exercise as treatment for adults with type 2 diabetes: a rapid review Andressa Karoline Pinto de Lima Ribeiro, Josilayne Patrícia Ramos Carvalho, Natáli Valim Oliver Bento-Torres Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of progressive resistance training with weight loss compared with weight loss alone on the fatty liver index in older adults with type 2 diabetes: secondary analysis of a 12-month randomized controlled trial Christine L Freer, Elena S George, Sze-Yen Tan, Gavin Abbott, David W Dunstan, Robin M Daly BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care.2022; 10(5): e002950. CrossRef
Comparison of the Effect of Endurance, Strength and Endurance-Strength Training on Glucose and Insulin Homeostasis and the Lipid Profile of Overweight and Obese Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Małgorzata Jamka, Aleksandra Makarewicz-Bukowska, Kamila Bokayeva, Angelika Śmidowicz, Jakub Geltz, Marta Kokot, Nina Kaczmarek, Agnieszka Żok, Victoria Kononets, Judyta Cielecka-Piontek, Edyta Mądry, Jarosław Walkowiak International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(22): 14928. CrossRef
Evolution of liver fibrosis and steatosis markers in patients with type 2 diabetes after metformin treatment for 2 years Hye Won Lee, Jae Seung Lee, Beom Kyung Kim, Jun Yong Park, Do Young Kim, Sang Hoon Ahn, Seung Up Kim Journal of Diabetes and its Complications.2021; 35(1): 107747. CrossRef
Association between the severity of liver fibrosis and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes Ho Soo Chun, Jae Seung Lee, Hye Won Lee, Beom Kyung Kim, Jun Yong Park, Do Young Kim, Sang Hoon Ahn, Yong‐Ho Lee, Young Dae Kim, Seung Up Kim Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2021; 36(6): 1703. CrossRef
NAFLD and NASH and Diabetes Kavita Garg, Trenton Reinicke, Satish K. Garg Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics.2021; 23(S2): S-198. CrossRef
Effect of a Training Program on Hepatic Fat Content and Cardiometabolic Risk in Postmenopausal Women: The Randomized Controlled Trial Joaquín Reverter-Masia, Alvaro Pano-Rodriguez, Jose Vicente Beltran-Garrido, Albert Lecube, Enric Sánchez, Vicenç Hernández-González Applied Sciences.2021; 11(14): 6409. CrossRef
Association of Physical Activity with the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Ho Soo Chun, Sojeong Park, Minjong Lee, Yuri Cho, Ha Sung Kim, A Reum Choe, Hwi Young Kim, Kwon Yoo, Tae Hun Kim Cancers.2021; 13(14): 3424. CrossRef
Short-term combined training reduces hepatic steatosis and improves hepatic insulin signaling Rodrigo Martins Pereira, Kellen Cristina da Cruz Rodrigues, Marcella Ramos Sant'Ana, Guilherme Francisco Peruca, Chadi Pellegrini Anaruma, Thaís Dantis Pereira de Campos, Raphael dos Santos Canciglieri, Diego Gomes de Melo, Fernando Moreira Simabuco, Adel Life Sciences.2021; 287: 120124. CrossRef
The effects of personalized sprint interval training and combined aerobic endurance and resistance training on insulin resistance and glycated hemoglobin in women with type 2 diabetes Hadi Ghaedi, Siamak Takesh, Ebrahim Banitalebi Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences.2020; 22(3): 113. CrossRef
Background /Aim: The liver plays important roles in the homeostasis of glucose metabolism since it acts as a major target organ for insulin and a site for gluconeogenesis and glycogen storage. Diabetes mellitus (DM) commonly develops in patients with liver cirrhosis as the result of hepatocyte dysfunction and/or inadequate mass. To assess differences between DM due to liver cirrhosis (hepatogenous DM) and the other type 2 DM, we compared the patterns of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in hepatogenous DM with those observed in type 2 DM. Methods: 18 diabetic patients with liver cirrhosis (caused by alcohol, n=8; HBV, n=5; HCV, n=2; others, n=3) were matched with 18 type 2 diabetic patients without liver cirrhosis for age and gender. None of the patients or controls had been treated with insulin or β-blockers. The level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PP2h), fasting plasma C-peptide and insulin were measured. Results: The ratio of PP2h/FPG (2.27 vs. 1.69), fasting insulin (23.2: 11.6 ?IU/mL) and HOMA-IR index (8.38 vs. 3.52) were significantly higher in hepatogenous DM than the other type 2 DM (P<0.05). PP2h, fasting C-peptide and ratio of fasting insulin/C-peptide tend to be higher in hepatogenous DM than those of controls, but which were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The ratio of PP2h/FPG and fasting plasma insulin differentiated hepatogenous DM from the other type 2 DM. Insulin resistance in liver cirrhosis was higher than the other type 2 DM, and impaired hepatic insulin degradation might be an important mechanism of hyperinsulinemia in liver cirrhosis. (Korean J Hepatol 2006;12:524-529)
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