Clinical and Molecular Hepatology

"Gadoxetic acid"

Review

Hepatic neoplasm

Gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: Hepatocellular carcinoma and mimickers: Yeun-Yoon Kim, Mi-Suk Park, Khalid Suliman Aljoqiman, Jin-Young Choi, Myeong-Jin Kim; Clin Mol Hepatol 2019;25(3):223-233.
Published online January 21, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2018.0107

Abstract
PDF

Gadoxetic acid, a hepatocyte-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, has emerged as an important tool for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis. Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI is useful for the evaluation of earlystage HCC, diagnosis of HCC precursor lesions, and highly sensitive diagnosis of HCC. Furthermore, functional information provided by gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI can aid in the characterization of focal liver lesions. For example, whereas lesions lack functioning hepatocytes appear hypointense in the hepatobiliary phase, preserved or enhanced expression of organic anion transporting polypeptides in some HCCs as well as focal nodular hyperplasia lead to hyperintensity in the hepatobiliary phase; and a targetoid appearance on transitional phase or hepatobiliary phase imaging can be helpful for identifying the histopathological composition of tumors. While gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI may improve the sensitivity of HCC diagnosis and provide new insights into the characterization of focal liver lesions, there are many challenges associated with its use. This article reviews the pros and cons of HCC diagnosis with gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and discuss some clues in the radiological differentiation of HCC from HCC mimickers.

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Liver Imaging

Hepatic neoplasm

Intraductal malignant tumors in the liver mimicking cholangiocarcinoma: Imaging features for differential diagnosis: Ah Yeong Kim, Woo Kyoung Jeong; Clin Mol Hepatol 2016;22(1):192-197.
Published online March 28, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2016.22.1.192

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Review

Hepatic neoplasm

The MR imaging diagnosis of liver diseases using gadoxetic acid: Emphasis on hepatobiliary phase: Woo Kyoung Jeong, Young Kon Kim, Kyoung Doo Song, Dongil Choi, Hyo Keun Lim; Clin Mol Hepatol 2013;19(4):360-366.
Published online December 28, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2013.19.4.360

Abstract
PDF

Hepatocyte specific contrast agents including gadoxetic acid and gadobenate dimeglumine are very useful to diagnose various benign and malignant focal hepatic lesions and even helpful to estimate hepatic functional reservoir. The far delayed phase image referred to as the hepatobiliary phase makes the sensitivity of detection for malignant focal hepatic lesions increased, but specificity of malignant diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma, metastasis and cholangiocarcinoma, characterization remained to be undetermined.

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Liver Imaging

Hepatic neoplasm

Hepatocellular carcinoma composed of two different histologic types: imaging features on gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver MRI: Seung Hyun Kim, Woo Kyoung Jeong, Yongsoo Kim, Min Yeong Kim, Jinoo Kim, Ju Yeon Pyo, Young Ha Oh; Korean J Hepatol 2013;19(1):92-96.
Published online March 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2013.19.1.92

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