Clinical and Molecular Hepatology

"Systematic review"

Original Article

Liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and portal hypertension

Prevalence of clinically significant liver fibrosis in the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis: Hee Yeon Kim, Jung Hwan Yu, Young Eun Chon, Seung Up Kim, Mi Na Kim, Ji Won Han, Han Ah Lee, Young-Joo Jin, Jihyun An, Miyoung Choi, Dae Won Jun; Clin Mol Hepatol 2024;30(Suppl):S199-S213.
Published online July 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2024.0351

Background/Aims
Although important, clinically significant liver fibrosis is often overlooked in the general population. We aimed to examine the prevalence of clinically significant liver fibrosis using noninvasive tests (NITs) in the general population.
Methods
We collected data from four databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed) from inception to June 13, 2023. Original articles reporting the prevalence of clinically significant liver fibrosis in the general population were included. The Stata metaprop function was used to obtain the pooled prevalence of liver fibrosis with NITs in the general population.
Results
We screened 6,429 articles and included 45 eligible studies that reported the prevalence of clinically significant liver fibrosis in the general population. The prevalence of advanced liver fibrosis, using the high probability cutoff of the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, was 2.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–3.7%). The prevalence of significant liver fibrosis, advanced liver fibrosis, and liver cirrhosis, assessed using vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) among the general population, was 7.3% (95% CI, 5.9–8.8%), 3.5% (95% CI, 2.7–4.5), and 1.2% (95% CI, 0.8–1.8%), respectively. Region-based subgroup analysis revealed that the highest prevalence of advanced fibrosis using the high probability cutoff of the FIB-4 index was observed in the American region. Furthermore, the American region exhibited the highest prevalence of significant liver fibrosis, advanced liver fibrosis, and liver cirrhosis, using VCTE.
Conclusions
Previously undiagnosed clinically significant liver fibrosis is found in the general population through NITs. Future research is necessary to stratify the risk in the general population.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Spotting undiagnosed significant liver fibrosis in the general population: impact on subsequent clinical care: Editorial on “Prevalence of clinically significant liver fibrosis in the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis”
Nana Peng, Mary Yue Wang, Sherlot Juan Song, Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025; 31(1): 256. CrossRef
Correspondence to editorial on “Prevalence of clinically significant liver fibrosis in the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis”
Hee Yeon Kim, Miyoung Choi, Dae Won Jun
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025; 31(1): e48. CrossRef
Letter regarding “Prevalence of clinically significant liver fibrosis in the general population”
Wei Feng, Qile Wang, Qingwang Ye
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025; 31(1): e21. CrossRef
Correspondence to letter to the editor on “Prevalence of clinically significant liver fibrosis in the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis”
Hee Yeon Kim, Miyoung Choi, Dae Won Jun
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025; 31(1): e105. CrossRef
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) inhibitor AMSP-30 m attenuates CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice by inhibiting the sonic hedgehog pathway
Lili Lu, Yuchen Ma, Qing Tao, Jing Xie, Xiao Liu, Yongkang Wu, Yang Zhang, Xiuli Xie, Mingming Liu, Yong Jin
Chemico-Biological Interactions.2025; 413: 111480. CrossRef
Vibration-controlled transient elastography in shaping the epidemiology and management of steatotic liver disease: Editorial on “Current burden of steatotic liver disease and fibrosis among adults in the United States, 2017–2023”
Xiao-Dong Zhou, Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip, Daniel Q Huang, Mark Dhinesh Muthiah, Mazen Noureddin, Ming-Hua Zheng
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025; 31(2): 620. CrossRef
Simple Clinical Prediction Rules for Identifying Significant Liver Fibrosis: Evaluation of Established Scores and Development of the Aspartate Aminotransferase-Thrombocytopenia-Albumin (ATA) Score
Puwitch Charoenchue, Jiraporn Khorana, Apichat Tantraworasin, Suwalee Pojchamarnwiputh, Wittanee Na Chiangmai, Amonlaya Amantakul, Taned Chitapanarux, Nakarin Inmutto
Diagnostics.2025; 15(9): 1119. CrossRef
Targeting endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis in liver fibrosis: From signaling mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities
Yawei Kong, Zhengyang Chen, Zhentian Nie, Wei Chen
Pharmacological Research.2025; 217: 107823. CrossRef
Decoding the hepatic fibrosis-hepatocellular carcinoma axis: from mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities
Anqi Lin, Minying Xiong, Bufu Tang, Aimin Jiang, Junyi Shen, Zaoqu Liu, Quan Cheng, Jian Zhang, Peng Luo
Hepatology International.2025; 19(4): 732. CrossRef
Cost-effectiveness of advanced hepatic fibrosis screening in individuals with suspected MASLD identified by serologic noninvasive tests
Huiyul Park, Eileen L. Yoon, Mimi Kim, Ji-hyeon Park, Ramsey Cheung, Jeong-Yeon Cho, Hye-Lin Kim, Dae Won Jun
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Senkyunolide I targets CXCR4 to attenuate liver fibrosis via suppression of the NLRP3/GSDMD pathway
Kexin Wang, Yuxin Yang, Bingjie Yue, Mengyang Li, Chu Chen, Junrong Du, Fangyi Long
International Immunopharmacology.2025; 164: 115348. CrossRef
Chronic liver disease and radiation-induced second primary liver malignancy: a retrospective cohort based on SEER database 2010–2021
Asmaa Ellaithy, Aya Serageldeen, Alhareth Alhusban, Mariam Emad Seif, Mahmoud Essam Abdelhamid, Bushra Al-Shaikh, Asmaa Sayed Ibrahim, Eslam Mohamed Elshennawy, Ibrahim Ellaithy
Annals of Medicine & Surgery.2025; 87(8): 4742. CrossRef
PREVALENCE OF VARIOUS ETIOPATHOGENIC VARIANTS OF CHRONIC DIFFUSE LIVER DISEASES
B. Sakhova, A. Oshibayeva, N. Nuskabayeva, E. Iskandirova, Zh. Rsalieva, N. Karabayev, L. Karimova, L. Ozbakyr
Medicine and ecology.2025; (3): 35. CrossRef
Association between gestational diabetes mellitus and liver cirrhosis and fibrosis: A population‐based cohort study and risk factor analysis
Tan‐Tzu Lo, Wan‐Ting Huang, Chia‐Lung Shih, Pensee Wu
International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Modified FIB-4 Index in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Steatosis: A Non-Linear Predictive Model for Advanced Hepatic Fibrosis
Jonghyun Kim, Takanori Ito, Taeang Arai, Masanori Atsukawa, Miwa Kawanaka, Hidenori Toyoda, Takashi Honda, Ming-Lung Yu, Eileen L. Yoon, Dae Won Jun, Kyungjoon Cha, Mindie H. Nguyen
Diagnostics.2024; 14(22): 2500. CrossRef

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Review

Hepatic neoplasm

Neuropilins as potential biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review of basic and clinical implications: Paula Fernández-Palanca, Tania Payo-Serafín, Carolina Méndez-Blanco, Beatriz San-Miguel, María J. Tuñón, Javier González-Gallego, José L. Mauriz; Clin Mol Hepatol 2023;29(2):293-319.
Published online February 1, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2022.0425

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide and is characterized by complex molecular carcinogenesis. Neuropilins (NRPs) NRP1 and NRP2 are the receptors of multiple proteins involved in key signaling pathways associated with tumor progression. We aimed to systematically review all the available findings on their role in HCC. We searched the Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), PubMed, Cochrane and Embase databases for articles evaluating NRPs in preclinical or clinical HCC models. This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022349774) and include 49 studies. Multiple cellular and molecular processes have been associated with one or both NRPs, indicating that they are potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in HCC patients. Mainly NRP1 has been shown to promote tumor cell survival and progression by modulating several signaling pathways. NRPs mainly regulate angiogenesis, invasion and migration and have shown to induce invasion and metastasis. They also regulate the immune response and tumor microenvironment, showing a crucial interplay with the hypoxia response and microRNAs in HCC. Altogether, NRP1 and NRP2 are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, providing novel insight into the clinical landscape of HCC patients.

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Medical Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Daniel L. Pouliquen, Cristina Núñez González
Cancers.2023; 15(20): 5000. CrossRef

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Original Article

Global prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: Systematic review and meta-analysis: Darren Jun Hao Tan, Sabrina Xin Zi Quek, Jie Ning Yong, Adithya Suresh, Kaiser Xuan Ming Koh, Wen Hui Lim, Jingxuan Quek, Ansel Tang, Caitlyn Tan, Benjamin Nah, Eunice Tan, Taisei Keitoku, Mark D. Muthiah, Nicholas Syn, Cheng Han Ng, Beom Kyung Kim, Nobuharu Tamaki, Cyrus Su Hui Ho, Rohit Loomba, Daniel Q. Huang; Clin Mol Hepatol 2022;28(4):864-875.
Published online July 25, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2022.0136

Background/Aims
Depression and anxiety are associated with poorer outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the prevalence of depression and anxiety in HCC are unclear. We aimed to establish the prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with HCC.
Methods
MEDLINE and Embase were searched and original articles reporting prevalence of anxiety or depression in patients with HCC were included. A generalized linear mixed model with Clopper-Pearson intervals was used to obtain the pooled prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with HCC. Risk factors were analyzed via a fractional-logistic regression model.
Results
Seventeen articles involving 64,247 patients with HCC were included. The pooled prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with HCC was 24.04% (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.99–38.11%) and 22.20% (95% CI, 10.07–42.09%) respectively. Subgroup analysis determined that the prevalence of depression was lowest in studies where depression was diagnosed via clinician-administered scales (16.07%;95% CI, 4.42–44.20%) and highest in self-reported scales (30.03%; 95% CI, 17.19–47.01%). Depression in patients with HCC was lowest in the Americas (16.44%; 95% CI, 6.37–36.27%) and highest in South-East Asia (66.67%; 95% CI, 56.68–75.35%). Alcohol consumption, cirrhosis, and college education significantly increased risk of depression in patients with HCC.
Conclusions
One in four patients with HCC have depression, while one in five have anxiety. Further studies are required to validate these findings, as seen from the wide CIs in certain subgroup analyses. Screening strategies for depression and anxiety should also be developed for patients with HCC.

Citations

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Review

Artificial intelligence, epidemiology, methodology, or others

Overview and recent trends of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in hepatology: Gaeun Kim, Soon Koo Baik; Clin Mol Hepatol 2014;20(2):137-150.
Published online June 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2014.20.2.137

Abstract
PDF

A systematic review (SR) is a research methodology that involves a comprehensive search for and analysis of relevant studies on a specific topic. A strict and
objective
research process is conducted that comprises a systematic and comprehensive literature search in accordance with predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria, and an assessment of the risk of bias of the selected literature. SRs require a multidisciplinary approach that necessitates cooperation with clinical experts, methodologists, other experts, and statisticians. A meta-analysis (MA) is a statistical method of quantitatively synthesizing data, where possible, from the primary literature selected for the SR. Review articles differ from SRs in that they lack a systematic methodology such as a literature search, selection of studies according to strict criteria, assessment of risk bias, and synthesis of the study results. The importance of evidence-based medicine (EBM) in the decision-making for public policy has recently been increasing thanks to the realization that it should be based on scientific research data. SRs and MAs are essential for EBM strategy and evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. This review addresses the current trends in SRs and MAs in the field of hepatology via a search of recently published articles in the Cochrane Library and Ovid-MEDLINE.

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